Summary
Summary Exam 3 Research Methods & Statistics UvA Year 1
- Course
- Institution
- Book
Summary Exam 3 Research Methods & Statistics UvA Year 1
[Show more]
Connected book
Book Title:
Author(s):
- Edition:
- ISBN:
- Edition:
More summaries for
-
Summary Exam 4 Research Methods & Statistics UvA Year 1
-
Introduction to Statistics - Lecture Notes
-
Statistical Methods for the Social Sciences, chapters 1-6 and 9-11, by Agresti & Finlay
Seller
Follow
lottepeerdeman
Reviews received
Content preview
W1.1Ch4 ETHICAL GUIDELINES
Morling Ethics in research:
- Treating participants respectfully Balance between the risk
- Not harming participants to participants and the
- Not targeting an already disadvantages social group value of knowledge
- Debriefing participants after the research has been conducted
The Belmont Report – Core ethical principles:
1. The principle of respect for persons
- Informed consent
2. The principle of beneficence: Taking precautions as a researcher to protect participants
from harm and to ensure their wellbeing
- Anonymous study
- Confidential study
3. The principle of justice: Ensuring that participants are representative of the kinds of
people that would also benefit from the study’s results
APA’s Five General Principles (for psychologists in general):
1. Beneficence
2. Fidelity and responsibility
3. Integrity
4. Justice
5. Respect for people’s rights and dignity
APA’s Ethical Standard For Research:
- Institutional review board (IRB): A committee responsible for interpreting ethical
principles and ensuring that research using human subjects is conducted ethically –
Consists of several people with different backgrounds
- Informed consent: The researcher’s obligation to explain the study to potential
participants in everyday language and to give participants a chance to decide whether
or not to participate
- Deception: Not allowed
- Through omission: Withholding information from participants
- Through commission: Actively lying to participants
- Debriefing → Especially important after deception
Research misconduct:
- Data fabrication: Inventing data to fit the hypothesis
- Data falsification: Influencing a study’s results
- Plagiarism: Representing the ideas or words of other’s as one’s own
Animal research:
- Caring for the animals as best as possible
- Making sure the research is valuable enough to justify the use of animal subjects
, - Guidelines:
1. Replacement: Finding alternatives to animal research
2. Refinement: Modifying experimental procedures to minimise animal distress
3. Reduction: Using as few animals as possible
Ch12
EXPERIMENTS WITH MORE THAN ONE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
Morling Interaction effects: When the original independent variable depends on the level of another
independent variable
- Crossover interaction: Interaction between two independent variables that ‘depends’
- Spreading interaction: Interaction between two independent variables that occurs ‘only
when’…
Factorial design: A type of research methodology that allows for the investigation of the main
and interaction effects → Crosses two independent variables → Participant variables (=
variables that are not manipulated, such as age or gender) are also considered ‘independent
variables’ in factorial designs
- Factorial designs can test limits
- Factorial designs show moderators (= an independent
variable that changes the relationship between another
independent variable and a dependent variable)
- Factorial designs can test theories
↓
1. Main effects: The overall effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable
Interaction effects
(= are
themore
amount of independent variables that have an effect on the dependent variable)
important than main effects
2. Interaction effects:
- If there is a significant difference in the means; there is an interaction effect
- If the lines in the graph are parallel, there is no interaction effect → The lines
do not have to cross to indicate an interaction effect; they simply have to be
nonparallel
- For bar graphs: Imagine drawing a line to connect the tops of the two levels of
the two independent variables – If the lines in the graph are parallel, there is no
interaction effect
FACTORIAL VARIATIONS
1. Independent-groups factorial designs: Both independent
variables are studied as independent groups (E.g.: in a 2
×2 factorial design, there are four different groups of
participants in the experiment)
2. Within-groups factorial designs: Both independent variables are manipulated as
within-groups (E.g.: in a 2×2 factorial design, there is only one group of participants,
but they participate in all four combinations of the design)
3. Mixed factorial designs: One independent variable is manipulated as independent-
groups, and the other is manipulated as within-groups
, INCREASING THE NUMBER OF LEVELS
How many conditions in total? → Multiply all conditions!
Three-way-design: When a third independent variable is added (E.g.: a 2×2×2 factorial
design)
- Results in three possible main effects
- Results in three possible two-way interactions
Three-way-interactions: A two-way interaction that depends on the level of the third
independent variable
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller lottepeerdeman. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.04. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now