BTEC LEVEL 3 ASSIGNMENT 12C - Understand how infectious diseases can be treated and managed
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ASSIGNMENT 12C
Understand how infectious diseases can be
treated and managed
P4 – DESCRIBE THE METHODS
AVAILABLE TO TREAT A TYPE OF
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
In this section of the assignment I will outline a disease as well as the
pathogen associated with initiating the disease, basic symptoms and methods
available to treat the disease. The chosen disease is Gastroenteritis.
Gastroenteritis
Causes : Gastroenteritis is an infection caused by
the viral, bacterial and parasitical pathogenic
groups. Pathogens within the viral pathogenic
group are most commonly responsible for
majority of Gastroenteritis cases. The main viral
pathogens that have the capability to cause
Gastroenteritis within an individual are ;
norovirus, adenovirus and rotavirus. However
the most common pathogen out of the 3 which initiates the majority of
Gastroenteritis cases is norovirus. However when an individual comes in
contact with rotavirus the symptoms begin to showcase around 2 days and is
the most common pathogen which causes Gastroenteritis within children.
Transmission : this particular infection can be transmitted from individual
to individual as it is a communicable disease. Since the stool is one of the
,places where norovirus is present, not washing hands thoroughly with the
use of soap and water after a stool means the virus be present on the hands.
When the individual touches an object the virus then transfers onto the
object meaning it becomes contaminated. Therefore when another individual
was to touch that particular object their hands would be contaminated and
any contact with the eyes nose or mouth can act as a portal of entry for the
virus to initiate the disease process of Gastroenteritis.
What it does to the body/symptoms : when an individual contracts
Gastroenteritis the lining of the stomach known as mucosa undergoes
inflammation meaning it becomes red and swollen. Not will the lining of the
stomach become inflamed however both intestines are also prone to undergo
inflammation. The symptoms compromise of ; blood present within stools,
nausea which can cause vomiting, pain within the stomach, aching muscles
and head muscles causing a headache as well as a mild fever.
Method available to treat Gastroenteritis : There are a range of methods
available to treat Gastroenteritis. Some of these methods are non medicated
meaning that basic steps can be taken in order to achieve treatment whereas
medicated methods can also be utilized. The first method available to treat
Gastroenteritis is taking an adequate amount of rest and drinking fluids
which is highly recommended. If symptoms continue to remain the same or
no effect is being shown by utilizing the method then electrolytes and IV
fluids can be given via an drip. The drip consists of a needle inserted into
your vein which is connected to a bag containing essential fluids and salts
needed to rehydrate the body. If no affect is being shown despite the
utilization of these simple methods or if the severity of Gastroenteritis it too
high for these simple methods to be used then drug related treatments are
available for the individual to utilize.
When this occurs anti-nausea medication can be prescribed by doctors to be
taken orally or injected into the body of the individual suffering with
Gastroenteritis. These medications compromise of ; ondansetron,
promethazine and prochlorperazine. Ondansetron is a type of 5-HT3 drug
that can be administered orally as a tablet or injected into the body of the
individual. Most individuals with Gastroenteritis are on the course of this
medication for around 5 days less or more. The Side effects associated with
taking Ondansetron include headaches, fatigue and muscle fatigue.
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, Similarly prochlorperazine can be taken orally or injected into the body via
the arm. The side effects of administering prochlorperazine consist of;
dizziness, a decrease in urination, chest pain and breathing difficulties as it
can mildly affect the respiratory system.All these medications are available to
help relieve the symptoms of nausea as a result of Gastroenteritis. Moreover
if the individual is still experiencing diarrhea symptoms the drug
diphenoxylate can be prescribed by the doctor as a method available to treat
this symptom. This drug medication can come in the form of a pill to be taken
orally or as a liquid. Additionally as a alternative to diphenoxylate a drug
known as Loperamide can also be available to treat Gastroenteritis.
Loperamide is only available to treat Gastroenteritis from children at the age
of 2 to 18. Loperamide can be administered orally in the form of a tablet or a
liquid and is utilized to treat the diarrhea symptoms associated with
Gastroenteritis. Individuals usually utilize Loperamide for only 1 or 2 days.
However there are side effects associated with taking Loperamide such as
urination decrease and rashes cardiovascular related symptoms such as an
irregular heart beat which is too slow, chest pain and a faster heart beat can
also occur.
Overall there is a range of medication available to treat Gastroenteritis
wether that medication is to be administered orally In the form of a pill or to
be injected into the individual as the form of an injection. Despite the
medication taken side effects will always be associated with each medication.
M3 – ANALYZE DIFFERENT
TREATMENT METHODS TO COMBAT
DISEASE PROCESS.
In this section of the assignment I will outline the different types of treatment
available; antifungals, antimalarials, therapy, immunoglobulin, antibiotics,
antiretrovirals and antivirals. The mode of transmission for each treatment
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