Summary of all classes of Sociology of Work and Employment
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Course
Sociology Of Work And Employment
Institution
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
This summary contains all the content needed to pass the exam of Sociology of Work and Employment. It consists of all classes with concisive annotations. Others also studied this summary and passed the class, I got a 16 myself by studying from this summary.
Sociology of work and employment
Contents
Module 1: introduction .......................................................................................................................... 9
Conceptions of work and employment .............................................................................................. 9
What is work? .................................................................................................................................... 9
What is work?................................................................................................................................. 9
The value of work ......................................................................................................................... 10
Types of work ............................................................................................................................... 10
Labour, work, leisure, … ............................................................................................................... 11
The broader impact of work and production ............................................................................... 11
Impact on geographical spaces .................................................................................................... 11
Work as a social construct ............................................................................................................ 11
The ‘3 arenas’ of the world of work ................................................................................................. 12
Arena 1: Work organisation ............................................................................................................. 12
Arena 2: Labour market ................................................................................................................ 13
Arena 3: Industrial relations ......................................................................................................... 13
Industrial relations: EU-level actors.................................................................................................. 14
The world of work and Job Quality ................................................................................................... 14
Micro level: jobs and their ‘quality’ .................................................................................................. 15
Sociological traditions and the sociology of work ............................................................................ 15
The foundations of labour sociology ............................................................................................ 15
Scientific management (Taylorism) .............................................................................................. 16
Founding fathers I: Karl Marx ....................................................................................................... 16
De-skilling: labour process theory ................................................................................................ 17
Founding fathers II: Max Weber ................................................................................................... 17
Re/Up-skilling: Post-industrial society .......................................................................................... 17
Founding fathers III: Emile Durkheim ........................................................................................... 18
Work as a social system ................................................................................................................ 18
Founding fathers IV: Interactionism ............................................................................................. 19
Critiques and ‘new topics’ ............................................................................................................ 19
Discipline and control in the new workplace ................................................................................ 20
Sociological perspectives: Summary................................................................................................. 21
Module 2: Job quality in the contemporary workplace ........................................................................ 21
Job quality: introduction .................................................................................................................. 21
1
, Labour: a peculiar kind of medicine .............................................................................................. 21
Work and health inequalities ....................................................................................................... 22
Work to live or live to work? ........................................................................................................ 22
Theoretical underpinnings of the job quality-concept ..................................................................... 23
The roots of job quality ................................................................................................................ 23
Theoretical underpinnings of Job Quality ..................................................................................... 23
Theoretical underpinnings of Job Quality ..................................................................................... 24
The roots of Job Quality ............................................................................................................... 26
A definition of Job Quality ............................................................................................................ 27
Conceptualising Job Quality ............................................................................................................. 27
A family of concepts ..................................................................................................................... 27
Indicators of Job Quality ............................................................................................................... 27
The 4 A’s – a holistic approach towards JQ .................................................................................. 28
A summary approach towards JQ ................................................................................................. 28
Job quality and consequences ...................................................................................................... 29
Empirically measuring job quality .................................................................................................... 29
Measuring job quality ................................................................................................................... 29
Empirical approaches (and examples) .......................................................................................... 30
Empirically measuring job quality – dimensional approaches .......................................................... 30
Dimensional approaches: EUROFOUND’s job quality index ......................................................... 30
Socio-economic variation ............................................................................................................. 30
Variation in JQ in the EU ............................................................................................................... 31
Dimensional approaches: ETUI job quality index.......................................................................... 32
Variation in job quality ................................................................................................................. 33
Evolutions in job quality ............................................................................................................... 33
Theory based models: Demand-Control-(Support) ...................................................................... 34
Variation in JQ in the EU ............................................................................................................... 34
Effort-Reward-Imbalance ............................................................................................................. 34
Typological approaches ................................................................................................................ 35
Typological: Job quality typology.................................................................................................. 36
Causes of variation and trends in job quality ................................................................................... 37
Variation in job quality ................................................................................................................. 37
Trends in job quality ..................................................................................................................... 39
Polarisation .................................................................................................................................. 39
Module 3 – the story of industrialisation and de-industrialisation ...................................................... 40
The great transformation ................................................................................................................. 40
2
, Modernity, Capitalism & Industrialisation .................................................................................... 41
Industrial capitalism, a twofold term… ......................................................................................... 41
The meaning of work in industrial capitalism ............................................................................... 42
The industrial system ................................................................................................................... 42
Phases in the development of industrial capitalism (part I) ............................................................. 44
Phases of industrial capitalism: schematic ................................................................................... 44
Modes of collaboration ................................................................................................................ 44
The growth and decline of Fordism (part II) ..................................................................................... 45
Fordism......................................................................................................................................... 45
Fordism – As a mode of regulation ............................................................................................... 46
‘Fordisms’ – unity in plurality ....................................................................................................... 47
The crisis of Fordism ..................................................................................................................... 48
A production model in crisis ......................................................................................................... 48
An accumulation model in crisis ................................................................................................... 48
Intermezzo: The hidden injuries of de-industrialisation ................................................................... 49
De-industrialisation ...................................................................................................................... 49
‘After Fordism’: making sense of advanced capitalism..................................................................... 49
Major themes ............................................................................................................................... 49
Post-Fordism and the regulation school ....................................................................................... 50
New productive paradigms .......................................................................................................... 50
Renewed internationalisation – Globalisation.............................................................................. 51
De-globalisation? .......................................................................................................................... 52
Neo-liberalism .............................................................................................................................. 53
Guest lecture Gender Equality, Evie Rangelova.................................................................................... 53
Lecture plan...................................................................................................................................... 53
1. Overview of Gender equality (GE) in terms of statistics and in scientific literature ..................... 53
Overview of gender equality, statistics – Global Gender Gap Index, 2021 ................................... 53
2. Why is gender equality important to everybody? ........................................................................ 54
Gender equality affects everyone – the importance of diversity and equality for the overall
organizational well-being ............................................................................................................. 54
3. Gender equality and academia – the case of VUB ........................................................................ 55
Overview of gender equality, statistics – academia ..................................................................... 55
Gender equality in the scientific literature – academia ................................................................ 55
Gender equality – the case of VUB ............................................................................................... 55
Gender equality – TARGETED-MPI project ................................................................................... 56
4. Gender in research ....................................................................................................................... 56
3
, 4.1. Gender equality in the scientific literature ............................................................................ 56
4.2. Gender differences in career development ........................................................................... 57
5. Affirmative actions to target Gender Equality .............................................................................. 59
Gender equality in the scientific literature – affirmative actions ................................................. 59
Module 4: technology and changing work and employment conditions.............................................. 60
Work and technological change ....................................................................................................... 61
The ‘factor’ technology ................................................................................................................ 61
Smart automation ........................................................................................................................ 62
Technology and labour: Autor’s matrix ........................................................................................ 64
The ‘factor’ technology ................................................................................................................ 65
More to come? ............................................................................................................................. 65
Technology and the end of work ...................................................................................................... 67
A new era of ‘smart’ technology? ................................................................................................. 67
…or an old debate ........................................................................................................................ 68
Technology and economic development ...................................................................................... 68
Utopian: ‘right to Idleness’? ......................................................................................................... 69
Utopian......................................................................................................................................... 69
Dystopian: Luddite struggle .......................................................................................................... 70
Dystopian ..................................................................................................................................... 70
Dystopian: the end of work? ........................................................................................................ 71
Realist (jobs versus tasks) ............................................................................................................. 71
Realist (complements of automation) .......................................................................................... 72
Realist (limits of technology) ........................................................................................................ 72
A global workforce crisis? ............................................................................................................. 72
Automation joblessness ............................................................................................................... 73
A global workforce crisis? ............................................................................................................. 74
New technologies and job polarisation ............................................................................................ 75
Technology and the labour market .............................................................................................. 75
Technology and work tasks .......................................................................................................... 76
Polarisation .................................................................................................................................. 76
Technology and work tasks .......................................................................................................... 76
Polarisation .................................................................................................................................. 77
Evolution productivity growth ...................................................................................................... 78
Evidence for upgrading ................................................................................................................. 78
New technologies and job quality .................................................................................................... 79
A dystopian world of work?.......................................................................................................... 79
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