NCE Exam - Professional Orientation and Ethics 2022-23

NCE Exam - Professional Orientation and Ethics exam Which group has been most instrumental in opposing counselor licensure? - Correct answer-Psychologists NBCC - Correct answer-National Board for Certified Counselors, formed in 1982, awards the NCC generic credential. NCC - Correct answer-National Certified Counselor Good for 5 years with 100 hours of professional development. (Passing the NCE will get a counselor this certification.) ACA - Correct answer-American Counseling Association (used to be the American Personnel and Guidance Association [AACD]) CCMHA - Correct answer-Certified Clinical Mental Health Counselor (Must get NCC credential first.) NCSC - Correct answer-National Certified School Counselor (Must get NCC credential first.) Scope of practice - Correct answer-Counselors should only practice using techniques for which they have been trained. Ethical guidelines - Correct answer-First created in 1953 by the American Psychological Association (APA), National Assoc. of Social Workers (NASW) created theirs in 1960, ACA created theirs in 1961. Ethics always describe standards of conduct imposed by ____ and ______. - Correct answer-ACA and NBCC. Ethics define standards of behavior set forth by organizations and certification bodies, they are not usually - Correct answer-state or federally mandated laws. Most ethical dilemmas are related to ______. - Correct answer-Confidentiality Confidentiality - Correct answer-implies the counselor will not reveal anything about a client unless he is given specific authorization to do so. (Confidentiality is relative to the situation as far as counselors go [legally].) Most ethical dilemmas are related to _________. - Correct answer-confidentiality ACA indicates counselors have an obligation to protect the confidentiality of the deceased and this should be stated clearly in your ______ ______ document given to the client at the beginning of treatment. - Correct answer-informed consent Should counselors attend a funeral of a client? - Correct answer-Ask self if whether beneficial (same as attending a wedding), and if attending, document date, time, basis for decision. Tarasoff v. Board of Regents of the Univ. of California - Correct answer-'Duty to Warn' someone in imminent danger. (Case where client threatened in session, later killed her - her family sued, state court denied [Tarasoff I] but appealed and won in Supreme Court [Tarasoff II].) Duty to warn - Correct answer-Counselors have a responsibility to warn those who appear in serious and foreseeable harm due to statements made during a session. Defamation - Correct answer-revealing information that is damaging to a client's reputation. Beneficence - Correct answer-Counselor is working for the good of the client or group. Justice (in a group situation) - Correct answer-Counselor treats all members fairly. Nonmaleficence - Correct answer-Counselor will do no harm. Libel - Correct answer-Defamatory information that is written. Slander - Correct answer-Defamatory information that is written but references verbal remarks. State laws govern title usage and practice, however, they do not govern ______. - Correct answer-accreditation (applies to programs, not counselors) - Accreditation is NOT the law, only a process whereby an agency/school meets certain standards and qualifications set forth by an association/organization. Programs in Psychology boast accreditation by the APA, while counseling programs are accredited by ______. - Correct answer-CACREP (Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs) Downside of accreditation - Correct answer-Accreditation organization sets the curriculum to gain it, not the school. Exceptions to confidentiality when dealing with suicide include - Correct answer-joking about killing one's self, giving away possessions after a depressed period, previous suicide attempts, detailed suicide plan Suicide checks in as the ___ or ___ leading cause of death in the US (higher than homicide). - Correct answer-11th or 12th (Guns account for more than all other methods put together.) Suicide is the 2nd/3rd leading cause of death for those ages ____ to ____. - Correct answer-15 to 24. Suicide is more likely to occur in rural areas and in times of economic recession/depression. - Correct answer-Most suicides occur in the spring at the end of April or May. ____ to ____ of clients will give warning signs of suicide. - Correct answer-75 to 80% Informed consent - Correct answer-The process of giving the client a document stating counselor qualifications, office hours, billing policies, emergency procedures, therapy techniques, and confidentiality rules so they can acknowledge and sign to signify understanding. Privileged communication (client's privilege) - Correct answer-Legal term implying that a therapeutic interaction (verbal or written) will not be available for public inspection (without client consent). The client can choose whether to reveal confidential info (usually on witness stand) - they are the holder of the privilege. Privileged communication is a _____ concept which protects _____, not counselors. - Correct answer-legal, clients Privileged communication laws are not applicable in cases of - Correct answer-child abuse, neglect, exploitation, suicide, homicidal threats, criminal intentions, clients in dire need of hospitalization, malpractice suits, where client is a minor or mentally incompetent. Privileged communication that is 'qualified' means - Correct answer-exceptions may exist. (Privileged comm. based on licensure status, not degree of certification credetials, because it is a LEGAL concept.) Counselors are mandated reporters for child abuse, making it legal and ethical to break confidentiality in such instances. - Correct answer-When a client's condition indicates there is a clear and imminent danger or serious/foreseeable harm to the client and others, the counselor must take reasonable personal action or inform responsible authorities. Exceptions to confidentiality - Correct answer-Client is danger to self or others, Client requests release of info, Court orders a release of info, Counselor engaged in supervision, Clerical assistant processes client info, Legal/clinical consultations, Malpractice suit, Client less than 18 yrs old, Elderly abuse, Insurance co. requests diagnosis Tarasoff implies a responsible helper will warn an ____ ______. - Correct answerintended victim. Professionals generally adhere to the ______ of _______ _______, which suggests you reveal only what is necessary. - Correct answer-principle of minimal disclosure Aspirational ethics - Correct answer-a practitioner adheres to the highest possible ethical standards. A 39 yr old female you are seeing in an assertiveness training group reveals she is plotting to shoot her husband. Based on Tarasoff, you should - Correct answer-warn the husband. One impetus for counselor licensing was that psychology licensure bodies sought to _______ the practice of counselors so counselors could not receive 3rd party payments from insurance and managed care company. - Correct answer-restrict (Licensing for counselors was needed as psychologist attained licensing [and had a monopoly on nonmedical treatment services] in every state in the U.S.) EPPP - Correct answer-Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP is to psychologists what the NCE is to counselors) The term 'psychology' can only be used if the helper in question is a licensed ________. - Correct answer-psychologist CACREP accredits masters' degree programs in - Correct answer-career, college, community, gerontological, marital, couple, family, mental health, school counseling, student affairs, counselor education, counselor supervision, and doctoral degrees. (largest # is in school counseling, community counseling is 2nd) One major difference between the psychology v. counseling movement is - Correct answer-psychologists are working to eliminate practitioners with less than a doctorate while counselors are not. APA is to psychologist as ACA is to - Correct answer-counselor Certification is not the same as _______. - Correct answer-licensing (A counseling license is granted by the state government. It is a title mastered by living up to certain standards.) an impaired professional - Correct answer-A counselor who is alcoholic and suffering from burnout. (defined here as the deterioration in the ability to function as a counselor) Paraprofessional - Correct answer-a helper who does not possess the education and experience necessary to secure professional credentials. Counselor certification - Correct answer-recognizes you have reached a given level of competence and thus are authorized to use a title. A woman comes to you for help with an eating disorder. You have no experience or training in this area. Ethically, you should - Correct answer-refer this client to a colleague who is trained and experienced with this type of client. ________ was the first state to license counselors in 1976. - Correct answer-Virginia The problem with _____ ____ _____ is that it is difficult to administer them in a fair manner. - Correct answer-sliding fee scales (or income sensitive scales) They are ethical and legal, and popular with nonprofit agencies. Amount waived fees - Correct answer-The amount a 3rd party payer does not cover. One potential negative of counseling licensure is that - Correct answer-counselors may not be as creative during graduate work and only take courses aimed at fulfilling the requirements to take the licensure exam. Licensing generally adds prestige to a profession and can serve to protect ____ ______. - Correct answer-the public. Privacy issue: If you or your agency didn't collect the information in the record, you cannot ethically send it to someone else requesting it even if a release form has been signed. (only send info you have collected) - Correct answer-... Release of information (aka 'consent to disclose') - Correct answer-Ethics dictate client records should be kept at least 5 years after your last contact with the client even if the client is deceased. Reciprocity - Correct answer-occurs when one state or organization accepts the license/credential of another state. FERPA (aka, Buckley Amendment) - Correct answer-Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (1974) -says parents can see their children's school records, and college students can see their own once they are 18. CRC - Correct answer-Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (need at least a master's in rehabilitative counseling, acceptable experience in the field, and passing score on 400 question multiple choice examination) MAC - Correct answer-Master Addictions Counselor (NBCC credential) registry - Correct answer-A list of licensed providers. (counselors on the list sometimes called 'registered professional counselor') _____ or _____ activity with any CURRENT client is unethical under new and old sets of ethics. - Correct answer-Sexual or romantic (Counselor should NEVER have a sexual relationship with a current client.) Abandonment - Correct answer-occurs when a counselor stops providing services and does not refer the client to another helper. Dual relationship - Correct answer-results when a counselor has another significant relationship with the client that hinders objectivity. (can also exist if a supervisor accepts a subordinate as a client.) NCC credential requirements over 5 year period - Correct answer-100 hours of professional development (CEUs) Countertransference in reference to attraction - Correct answer-Counselor being sexually attracted to the client. (typical manifestation of countertransference - purported to indicate unresolved problems on the part of the helper.) A malpractice/liability insurance company is least likely to defend you if - Correct answer-you are sexually involved with a client. (Your license may be revoked even if the client is not damaged or harmed by the experience.) According to NBCC, a counselor should not engage in sexual intimacies with a FORMER client within a minimum of ____ years after terminating the counseling relationship. - Correct answer-2 (If engaging in sex after 2 year period, you must document that relationship was not exploitative in nature.) According to the ACA, a counselor should not engage in sexual intimacies with a FORMER client within a minimum of ____ years after terminating the counseling relationship. - Correct answer-5 Computer Assisted Counseling (CAC) - Correct answer-Controversial software that attempts to counsel clients. (A humanistic counselor's worst nightmare!) Computer Managed Counseling (CMC) - Correct answer-Software that helps manage counseling practice through bookkeeping, appointment setting, billing, etc. (Cuts down on time, paperwork, and money.) Exceptions to dual relationships by the NBCC include - Correct answer-an exception in instances where "an individual's situation warrants counseling intervention and another alternative is unavailable." A counseling journal article should use documentation that is based on _____ style. - Correct answer-APA (from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association) A 16-yr old girl threatens to kill herself and you fail to inform her parents. Your behavior as a counselor is - Correct answer-negligence, failing to perform a duty (obligation to protect the client) Informed consent (as it applies to research) - Correct answer-Fair explanation of benefits, discomfort, freedom to withdraw from study at any time Discrimination - Correct answer-The practice of not treating all clients in an equal manner, especially due to religious, racial, ethnic, sexual, or cultural prejudice. Stereotyping - Correct answer-occurs when a counselor views all persons of a given classification or group in a biased manner. Sexual harassment (per the NBCC) - Correct answer-unwelcome comments, gestures, or physical contact of a sexual nature. Persons holding leadership roles must not allow their names to be used in professional notices when they are not practicing unless this is clearly stated in the literature. - Correct answer-Certified counselors recognize their limitations and provide services or only use techniques for which they are qualified by training and/or experience. According to the ACA, counselors consider the _____ status of clients. - Correct answer-financial (ACA also states that counselors devote a portion of their work making a contribution to society by providing services with little financial return or even pro bono.) Paradoxical intervention - Correct answer-occurs when a client is told to exaggerate a symptom (not ok in cases with homicidal/suicidal clients) Bartering - Correct answer-occurs when a client exchanges a good or service for treatment or testing.