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Samenvatting geschiedenis van Latijns-Amerika: precolumbiaanse periode
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Samenvatting geschiedenis van Latijns-Amerika: precolumbiaanse periode: lesnotities en boek
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Table of ContentsKlassiek en postklassiek Meso-Amerika................................................................4
Periodisering......................................................................................................4
Gemeenschappelijke kenmerken......................................................................6
Religie............................................................................................................6
Kalender........................................................................................................8
Samenleving..................................................................................................9
Het Balspel...................................................................................................10
De Olmeken.....................................................................................................10
Teotihuacan.....................................................................................................13
Opkomst van Teotihuacan...........................................................................13
Structuur van stad en maatschappij............................................................15
Basis macht over omliggende gebieden......................................................19
Einde van de Teotihuacan...........................................................................20
Monte Albán....................................................................................................21
Opkomst van Monte Alban.........................................................................22
Invloed van Teotihuacan.............................................................................24
Militarisme & expansionisme......................................................................25
Xochicalco........................................................................................................25
Opkomst van Xochicalco.............................................................................26
Structuur en maatschappij..........................................................................26
Einde van Xochicalco...................................................................................28
Tula en de Tolteken.........................................................................................28
Opkomst van de Tolteken...........................................................................29
Structuur en maatschappij..........................................................................30
Expansie vd Tolteken...................................................................................30
Einde van de Tolteken.................................................................................31
De Maya...............................................................................................................32
Eerste bloeiperiode van de Mayabeschaving.................................................32
De stad Tikal................................................................................................34
Palenque: ‘de mooiste Mayastad in KP’......................................................36
, Bonampak: korte bloeiperiode 8ste eeuw....................................................38
Tweede bloeiperiode.......................................................................................38
Yucatan (Chichen Itza) vanaf 900................................................................38
Uxmal rond 900...........................................................................................43
Mayapan vanaf 1283...................................................................................44
Einde van de gecentraliseerde macht.........................................................45
Sociale structuur..............................................................................................46
Economie.........................................................................................................47
Religie..............................................................................................................48
Cultuur.............................................................................................................49
Het schrift....................................................................................................49
De wiskunde................................................................................................49
6.3. Kalender................................................................................................50
De Azteken...........................................................................................................50
Oorsprong........................................................................................................51
Stichtingslegende van Tenochtitlan............................................................51
Historische werkelijkheid............................................................................51
De stad La Quemada (‘Verbrande Stad’).....................................................52
Vragen bij legende vd exodus.....................................................................54
Uitbouw vh rijk................................................................................................54
Organisatie......................................................................................................56
Provincies....................................................................................................56
Opstanden...................................................................................................57
Hoofstad Tenochtitlan.................................................................................58
Tlatelolco (‘Ronde Berg’): handelsfuncties binnen de stad........................59
Infrastructuurwerken onder hueyi tlatoani Moctecuhzoma I Ilhuicamina
(1440-1468).................................................................................................60
Demografie..................................................................................................60
Steden id provincies....................................................................................60
Godsdienst.......................................................................................................60
Visie op de kosmos......................................................................................61
Scheppingsverhalen.....................................................................................62
, Godenwereld...............................................................................................64
Offers...........................................................................................................65
De Templo Mayor........................................................................................66
Politieke instellingen en sociale structuur......................................................67
Bestuur vh rijk..............................................................................................67
Arbeiders vh rijk..........................................................................................69
Sociale opgang.............................................................................................70
Het leger......................................................................................................71
Economie.........................................................................................................71
In de vallei v Mexico....................................................................................71
Ambachten in de stad..................................................................................72
Uitwisseling v goederen..............................................................................73
Kunstproductie............................................................................................73
Achteruitgang vd levensstandaard 1430-1520...........................................74
De Inca’s..............................................................................................................74
4.0. Inleiding....................................................................................................75
Ontstaan..........................................................................................................75
Politieke organisatie van het rijk.....................................................................76
De keizer......................................................................................................77
De hoofdstad Cuzco.....................................................................................77
Het Rijk........................................................................................................79
Het leger......................................................................................................79
Sociale organisatie...........................................................................................80
Adel/bestuurselite.......................................................................................81
Gewone volk................................................................................................82
Economie.........................................................................................................83
Materiële infrastructuur..................................................................................85
Religie..............................................................................................................86
Oorsprongsmythe........................................................................................86
Heilige voorwerpen = huaca........................................................................87
Kalender en hiernamaals.............................................................................87
, Geschiedenis van Latijns-
Amerika: Precolumbiaanse
periode
1 Klassiek en postklassiek Meso-Amerika
= de volkeren die aan de basis lagen van het Aztekenrijk en de
Mayabeschaving, of hier invloed op hebben uitgeoefend
1.1 Periodisering
Klassieke periode 200-1000
Wie? 2 grote cultuurgebieden in M-Amerika
Maya Teotihuacan
Oosten van Mexico Centrale Mexicaanse hoogvlake
Guatemala
Belize
Honduras
Wanneer? 3delig
a. Protoklassiek 200-500
b. Midden-klassiek 500-800
c. Epiklassiek 800-900/1000
Wat? toename vd geürbaniseerde nederzettingen id vallei v Mexico
(~Saunder x 40)
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