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Samenvatting Practicum Basisobservaties Cytologie, Histologie, (J000487A,UGent,2022)

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Practicum Basisobservaties Cytologie, Histologie, (J000487A)

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Universiteit Gent (UGent)

Samenvatting van de cursus dierkunde horend bij het practicum basisobservaties cytologie, histologie en anatomie in het 1ste semester. Alle te kennen info van het deel dierkunde voor de evaluatie van het practicum staat er overzichtelijk in.

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Uploaded on December 27, 2022
Number of pages 20
Written in 2022/2023
Type Summary

practicum
dierkunde
2022
cytologie
anatomie
histologie
annelies van hoorebeke
bart braeckman
lars chatrou
ugent

Institution
Universiteit Gent (UGent)
Education
Farmaceutische Wetenschappen
Course
Practicum Basisobservaties Cytologie, Histologie, (J000487A)

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Practicum dierkunde: leerstof evaluatie
1 Inhoudstafel
Inhoudsopgave
1 Inhoudstafel.................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Cytologie......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 Cellen van het wangepitheel.......................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Cellen van bloed................................................................................................................................ 3
2.3 Erytrocyten......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.4 Leukocyten.......................................................................................................................................... 3
2.4.1 Granulocyten.................................................................................................................................................. 3
2.4.1.1 Neutrofielen............................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.4.1.2 Eosinofielen............................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.4.1.3 Basofielen................................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.4.2 Agranulocyten................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.4.2.1 Lymfocyten............................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.4.2.2 Monocyten................................................................................................................................................................ 4
2.5 Trombocyten...................................................................................................................................... 4
3 Histologie....................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Epitheelweefsel................................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.1 Bedekkende epithelia................................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.1.1 Eenlagig epithelia.................................................................................................................................................. 5
3.1.1.1.1 Eenlagig afgeplat epithelia (in wand bloedvaten)...........................................................................5
3.1.1.1.2 Eenlagig kubisch epitheel (in klierepithelia).....................................................................................6
3.1.1.1.3 Eenlagig cilindrisch epitheel (in dunne darm)..................................................................................6
3.1.1.2 Meerlagig epithelia................................................................................................................................................ 6
3.1.1.2.1 Meerlagig verhoornd plavei-epitheel (huid)......................................................................................6
3.1.2 Klierepithelia.................................................................................................................................................. 7
3.1.2.1 Exocrien klierepitheel (zweetklier in huid mens)....................................................................................7
3.1.2.2 Endocrien klierepitheel (schildklier)............................................................................................................. 8
3.2 Spierweefsel....................................................................................................................................... 8
3.2.1 Dwarsgestreept spierweefsel (tong).................................................................................................... 8
3.2.2 Glad spierweefsel (darm en schildklier)............................................................................................. 9
3.3 Bindweefsel...................................................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1 Algemeen bindweefsel (in huid).......................................................................................................... 10
3.3.2 Speciaal bindweefsel................................................................................................................................ 10
3.3.2.1 Vetweefsel.............................................................................................................................................................. 10
3.3.2.2 Steunweefsels....................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.3.2.2.1 Kraakbeenweefsel...................................................................................................................................... 10
3.3.2.2.2 Beenweefsel................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.3.2.2.3 Beenvorming (=ossificatie) en beenombouw.................................................................................12
3.4 Zenuwweefsel.................................................................................................................................. 14
3.4.1 Het centraal zenuwstelsel (ruggenmerg)......................................................................................... 14
3.4.2 Het perifeer zenuwstelsel (spinaal ganglion)................................................................................. 15
4 Anatomie...................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1 Uitwendige morfologie................................................................................................................. 15
4.1.1 Kop................................................................................................................................................................... 15
4.1.2 Romp en staart............................................................................................................................................ 16
4.1.3 Poten............................................................................................................................................................... 16

, 4.1.4 Keelstreek..................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1.5 Mondholte en pharynx............................................................................................................................. 17
4.2 Inwendige organen........................................................................................................................ 17
4.2.1 Bloedsomloopstelsel................................................................................................................................. 18
4.2.2 Ademhalingsstelsel................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.3 Spijsverteringsstelsel............................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.4 Urogenitaal stelsel..................................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.4.1 Urinair stelsel....................................................................................................................................................... 19
4.2.4.2 Voortplantingsstelsel......................................................................................................................................... 20
4.2.4.2.1 Mannelijk....................................................................................................................................................... 20
4.2.4.2.2 Vrouwelijk..................................................................................................................................................... 20

, 2 Cytologie
2.1 Cellen van het wangepitheel
 meerlagig plavei epitheel
o constant vernieuwd vanuit basale laag
o niet verhoornd
o met kern
 ook witte bloedcellen (neutrofielen)
 ook bacteriën (streptokokken)
o sferische vorm

2.2 Cellen van bloed
 bijzondere vorm van bindweefsel
 bloedcellen in bloedplasma
o erytrocyten = rode bloedcellen  O2 en CO2 transport
 functioneren volledig binnen bloedvaten
o leukocyten = witte bloedcellen  immuunsysteem
 functioneren vooral buiten bloedvaten, in weefsels
o trombocyten = bloedplaatjes  bloedstollingsmechanismen
 functioneren volledig binnen bloedvaten
 hematopoiesis = vorming bloedcellen in beenmerg

2.3 Erytrocyten
 eigenschappen
o kernloos
o biconcaaf schijfvorm = ingedeukt aan beide zijden  dr verdwenen kern
o glad & groot oppervlak dr concave schijfvorm  vr gasuitwisseling
o grote buigzaamheid  omkeerbare vormverandering
 erytroblasten = voorlopercellen van erytrocyten
o in beenmerg
o met kern
o gedifferentieerde erytrocyt: bevat enkel het hemoglobine + enzymes n

2.4 Leukocyten
 eigenschappen
o met kern
o bloedbaan als transportmiddel
o groter dan erytrocyten
o in bloed: +- afgeronde vorm
o in weefsel: zwerfcellen
o amoeboïde voortbeweging mbv pseudopodiën
 diapedese = door wand kleine bloedvaten dringen
 rol: bescherming weefsels tgn vreemde lichamen
o fagocytair vermogen

2.4.1 Granulocyten
 veellobbige kern
 primaire granula en secundaire/specifieke granula
 obv affiniteit specifieke granula vr bep. kleurstoffen:

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