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complete samenvatting van psychologische stromingen
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complete samenvatting van psychologische stromingen
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Psychologische stromingenInhoud
1. Verschillende visies op dezelfde problematiek ............................................................................... 6
1.1 verschillende visies .................................................................................................................. 8
1.2 verschillende visies gedemonstreerd ...................................................................................... 8
1.3 doel van het boek en de online omgeving .............................................................................. 9
1.4 cliëntenparticipatie als vanzelfsprekend onderdeel ............................................................... 9
1.5 toenemende integratie en het belang van de ‘persoon’ van de therapeut ............................ 9
1.6 Moeten we kiezen voor een bepaalde benadering? ............................................................. 10
1.7 De opzet van het boek en de online omgeving ..................................................................... 10
2. Het levensverhaal en problematiek van Marianne ....................................................................... 11
2.1 Ik ben Marianne .................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Het probleem van Marianne: depressie en angst ................................................................. 11
3. Psychodynamische benaderingen ................................................................................................. 11
3.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 11
3.2 De theorie van Freud ............................................................................................................. 11
3.2.1 het driftmodel: ‘es’, ‘ego’ en ‘superego’ ....................................................................... 12
3.2.2 ontwikkelingsfasen van ‘es’, ‘ego’ en ‘superego’ .......................................................... 13
3.2.3 afweermechanismen ..................................................................................................... 14
3.2.4 therapieën vanuit het driftmodel .................................................................................. 15
3.2.5 overdracht en tegenoverdracht .................................................................................... 16
3.2.6 therapeutische technieken en houding bij het driftmodel ........................................... 16
3.2.7 uitgangspunten.............................................................................................................. 17
3.3 Het object relatiemodel ........................................................................................................ 17
3.4 De zelfpsychologie: Heinz Kohut en Daniël Stern ................................................................. 19
3.5 Psychodynamische therapieën.............................................................................................. 19
3.5.1 Therapeutische technieken en houding ........................................................................ 20
3.6 Neofreudianen en door Freud geïnspireerde ontwikkelingen .............................................. 20
3.6.1 Carl Gustav Jung ............................................................................................................ 20
3.6.2 Transactionele Analyse.................................................................................................. 20
3.6.3 Erik Erikson .................................................................................................................... 20
3.7 Nieuwere ontwikkelingen ..................................................................................................... 20
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, 3.8 Psychodynamische visie op depressie ................................................................................... 20
3.9 Marianne in psychodynamische therapie ............................................................................. 21
3.9.1 Terugblik van Marianne................................................................................................. 21
3.9.2 Terugblik van de therapeut ........................................................................................... 21
3.10 Psychodynamische benaderingen in zorg en welzijn ............................................................ 21
3.11 Kanttekeningen ..................................................................................................................... 21
4. Cognitief-gedragstherapeutische benadering............................................................................... 21
4.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 21
4.2 Gedragstherapie .................................................................................................................... 23
4.2.1 Klassieke conditionering ................................................................................................ 23
4.2.2 Operante conditionering ............................................................................................... 27
4.2.3 Verschillende operante technieken .............................................................................. 27
4.2.4 Habituatie ...................................................................................................................... 28
4.3 Modelleren ............................................................................................................................ 28
4.4 Sociale vaardigheidstrainingen.............................................................................................. 29
4.5 Het belang van motivatie ...................................................................................................... 29
4.6 Cognitieve psychologie .......................................................................................................... 29
4.6.1 De mens als computer ................................................................................................... 30
4.6.2 Albert Ellis en Aaron Beck.............................................................................................. 31
4.6.3 Het ABC- en het G-schema ............................................................................................ 31
4.6.4 Het G-schema in de therapie met Marianne................................................................. 33
4.6.5 Aaron Beck: cognitieve therapie ................................................................................... 33
4.6.6 Therapeutische interventies.......................................................................................... 34
4.6.7 Therapeutische houding ................................................................................................ 34
4.7 De cognitieve gedragstherapie bij Marianne ........................................................................ 35
4.7.1 Een cognitieve benadering van paniekaanvallen bij Marianne..................................... 35
4.7.2 Terugblik van Marianne................................................................................................. 35
4.7.3 Terugblik van de therapeut ........................................................................................... 35
4.8 Nieuwere ontwikkelingen ..................................................................................................... 35
4.8.1 EDMR ............................................................................................................................. 35
4.8.2 Mindfulness of aandachttrainingen .............................................................................. 35
4.8.3 Acceptance en commitment therapy ............................................................................ 35
4.8.4 Cognitieve technieken bij cliënten met een licht verstandelijke beperking ................. 35
4.9 Cognitief-gedragstherapeutische benadering in zorg en welzijn .......................................... 36
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, 4.9.1 Voorbeeld: het belang van de werkrelatie bij gedragstherapeutisch werken in de
justitiële jeugdzorg ........................................................................................................................ 36
4.10 Kanttekeningen ..................................................................................................................... 36
5. Experiëntiële en cliëntgerichte benadering .................................................................................. 36
5.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 36
5.2 Zelfontplooiing ...................................................................................................................... 37
5.3 Onvoorwaardelijke acceptatie .............................................................................................. 38
5.4 Incongruentie= vervreemd van anderen en van onszelf....................................................... 38
5.5 Positieve mogelijkheden ....................................................................................................... 38
5.6 Uitgangspunten van de cliëntgerichte benadering ............................................................... 39
5.7 Onvoorwaardelijke acceptatie, echtheid en empathie ......................................................... 39
5.8 Niet adviseren, maar begrijpen en verhelderen ................................................................... 40
5.9 De behoeftepiramide van Abraham Maslow ........................................................................ 41
5.10 Directievere technieken, ervaringsleren en existentiële dilemma’s ..................................... 41
5.10.1 Gestalttherapie .............................................................................................................. 42
5.10.2 Experiëntiële benaderingen .......................................................................................... 42
5.10.3 Existentiële benaderingen ............................................................................................. 42
5.10.4 Fenomenologische benadering ..................................................................................... 43
5.10.5 Taakgerichte en cognitieve aanvullingen ...................................................................... 43
5.11 Marianne in experiëntiële en cliëntgerichte therapie .......................................................... 43
5.11.1 Terugblik van Marianne................................................................................................. 43
5.11.2 Terugblik van de therapeut ........................................................................................... 43
5.12 Cliëntgerichte en experiëntiële benadering in zorg en welzijn ............................................. 43
5.12.1 Voorbeeld: cliëntgerichte in de ouderenzorg ............................................................... 44
5.13 Kanttekeningen ..................................................................................................................... 44
6. Lichaamsgerichte benadering ....................................................................................................... 45
6.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 45
6.2 Lichaam als object en subject: körper en leib ....................................................................... 45
6.3 Lichaamsgerichte therapieën ................................................................................................ 46
6.4 Ervaren en communiceren met Leib ..................................................................................... 47
6.5 Uitgangspunten ..................................................................................................................... 48
6.6 Werkwijze van lichaamsgerichte therapieën ........................................................................ 48
6.7 Lichaamsgerichte interventies .............................................................................................. 49
6.8 Integratieve bewegingspsychotherapie ................................................................................ 50
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, 6.9 Therapeutische houding ........................................................................................................ 51
6.10 Marianne in lichaamsgerichte therapie ................................................................................ 51
6.11 Lichaamsgerichte benadering in zorg en welzijn .................................................................. 51
6.11.1 Voorbeeld: bewegingsagogiek binnen social work ....................................................... 51
6.12 Kanttekeningen ..................................................................................................................... 51
7. Systeemgerichte benadering ......................................................................................................... 52
7.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................. 52
7.2 Verschillende inspiratiebronnen van de systeembenadering ............................................... 52
7.3 De algemene systeemleer ..................................................................................................... 54
7.3.1 Het geheel is meer dan de som der delen..................................................................... 54
7.3.2 Regels ............................................................................................................................ 54
7.3.3 Circulaire causaliteit ...................................................................................................... 54
7.3.4 Het streven naar homeostase ....................................................................................... 54
7.3.5 Circulaire feedbackprocessen ....................................................................................... 54
7.3.6 Equifinaliteit .................................................................................................................. 54
7.4 Uitgangspunten van systeembenaderingen.......................................................................... 55
7.5 Verschillende systeemtherapeutische benaderingen ........................................................... 55
7.6 De communicatietheoretische benadering ........................................................................... 55
7.6.1 Het is onmogelijk om niet te communiceren ................................................................ 55
7.6.2 Inhouds-en betrekkingsniveau van de communicatie .................................................. 56
7.6.3 Interpunctie ................................................................................................................... 56
7.6.4 Inconsistente communicatie ......................................................................................... 56
7.6.5 Interactiepatronen ........................................................................................................ 57
7.6.6 Psychische problemen zijn een vorm van communicatie ............................................. 57
7.7 De structurele benadering: kluwen- en los-zand-gezinnen .................................................. 57
7.7.1 Gezinsregels en subsystemen ....................................................................................... 57
7.7.2 Coalities, posities en parentificatie ............................................................................... 58
7.7.3 Levenscyclus van het gezin ............................................................................................ 58
7.8 De intergenerationele of contextuele benadering................................................................ 58
7.8.1 Vier dimensies ............................................................................................................... 58
7.8.2 Balans tussen geven en nemen ..................................................................................... 59
7.8.3 Gerechtigde aanspraken: de winst van het zorgen ....................................................... 59
7.8.4 Verschillende soorten relaties en loyaliteiten ............................................................... 59
7.8.5 Roulerende rekeningen en destructief recht ................................................................ 60
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