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Samenvatting Communiecatiewetenschappen
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Samenvatting communicatiewetenschappen
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CCOMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN
Samenvatting
Brysse Yme
UGent
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,1
,Inhoud
1. Inleiding .............................................................................................................................. 8
2. Bouwstenen...................................................................................................................... 10
2.1. Het teken als basis voor betekenisvol communiceren .............................................. 10
2.1.1. Het teken ............................................................................................................ 10
2.1.2. Semiotiek ............................................................................................................ 11
2.1.3. Tekensystemen................................................................................................... 12
2.1.4. Tekenindelingen ................................................................................................. 14
2.2. Elementen van het communicatieproces .................................................................. 15
2.2.1. Communicator .................................................................................................... 15
2.2.2. Boodschap .......................................................................................................... 16
2.2.3. Encoderen / decoderen (Hall) ........................................................................... 17
2.2.4. Transmissie, kanaal en medium ......................................................................... 19
2.2.5. Ontvanger ........................................................................................................... 21
2.3. Communicatiemodellen ............................................................................................ 22
2.3.1. Model van Lasswell ............................................................................................ 23
2.3.2. Model van shannon & weaver ........................................................................... 24
2.3.3. Balansmodel van Newcomb ............................................................................... 25
2.3.4. Model van Schramm .......................................................................................... 26
2.3.5. Model van Gerbner ............................................................................................ 27
2.3.6. Model van Jakobson ........................................................................................... 29
2.3.7. Procesmodel van Oomkes .................................................................................. 30
2.4. Visies en vormen van communicatie ......................................................................... 31
2.4.1. Vier visies van McQuail ...................................................................................... 31
2.4.2. Twee theoretische scholen van Fiske................................................................. 33
2.4.3. Vier vormen van communicatie ......................................................................... 34
3. Communicatiewetenschappen als discipline ................................................................... 38
3.1. Status ......................................................................................................................... 38
3.2. Ontstaan en ontwikkeling .......................................................................................... 38
3.2.1. Twee grote stromingen ...................................................................................... 39
3.2.2. Twee ontwikkelingen ......................................................................................... 39
3.3. Paradigma’s ............................................................................................................... 40
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, 3.4. Theoretische diversiteit ............................................................................................. 41
4. Opkomst en institutionalisering ....................................................................................... 40
4.1. Massamaatschappij ................................................................................................... 40
4.1.1. Algemene visies .................................................................................................. 41
4.1.2. Sociologische benaderingen............................................................................... 41
4.1.3. Psychologische benaderingen ............................................................................ 42
4.2. Massamaatschappijtheorie ....................................................................................... 43
4.3. Propaganda ................................................................................................................ 44
4.3.1. Propagandatheorie van Lasswell........................................................................ 44
4.3.2. Kritische propagandastudies .............................................................................. 45
4.3.3. Paradigmatische strijd ........................................................................................ 46
5. Mainstreamparadigma ..................................................................................................... 48
5.1. Mosterd van communicatiewetenschappen ............................................................. 48
5.1.1. Functionalisme ................................................................................................... 48
5.1.2. Actiegerichte benaderingen - interpretatieve theorie....................................... 52
5.1.3. Psychologie en cognitieve dissonantie............................................................... 54
5.1.4. Sociolinguïstiek ................................................................................................... 56
5.2. Relatie media - publiek .............................................................................................. 59
5.2.1. Limited effects .................................................................................................... 59
5.2.2. Powerful media - reconsidered/revisiting effects-theorie ............................... 62
6. Alternatief paradigma ...................................................................................................... 64
6.1. Marxistische benaderingen ....................................................................................... 64
6.2. Kritische theorie en Frankfurter Schule..................................................................... 68
6.2.1. Culturele dimensie ............................................................................................. 69
6.2.2. Politieke dimensie .............................................................................................. 70
6.3. Politieke economie .................................................................................................... 72
6.3.1. Kritische politieke economie .............................................................................. 72
6.3.2. Focus en onderzoeksdomeinen ......................................................................... 72
6.3.3. Onderzoeksprogramma...................................................................................... 73
6.4. Cultural Studies .......................................................................................................... 74
6.4.1. Twee paradigma’s - Stuart Hall....................................................................... 74
6.4.2. Onderzoeksprogramma...................................................................................... 76
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