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samenvatting Nieuwste Tijd
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een volledige samenvatting van geschiedenis van de Nieuwste Tijd inclusief inhoudstafel.
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Inhoudsopgave1.1 Definities................................................................................................................................................. 8
1.2 Complexe definitie................................................................................................................................... 9
1.3 Kenmerken ‘moderne’ wereld.................................................................................................................. 9
1.4 Moderniteit in de westerse wereld........................................................................................................... 9
1.4.1 Secularisering en individualisering..............................................................................................................9
1.4.2 Economische reorganisatie en expansie...................................................................................................10
1.4.3 Staatsvorming...........................................................................................................................................10
2.1 De Verlichting........................................................................................................................................ 11
2.1.1 Algemene kenmerken...............................................................................................................................11
2.1.2 Politieke gevolgen.....................................................................................................................................12
A. Amerikaanse revolutie (1775 – 1783)..................................................................................................12
B. Franse revolutie (1789 – 1799).............................................................................................................13
C. Haïtiaanse revolutie (1791 - 1804).......................................................................................................13
2.1.3 De wereld voor en na 1789.......................................................................................................................13
A. Verdeelde revolutie..............................................................................................................................13
B. Napoleontisch Frankrijk........................................................................................................................14
C. Modern Frankrijk..................................................................................................................................14
2.2 Kritiek op de Verlichting......................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.1 De Romantiek............................................................................................................................................14
A. Rousseau (1712-1778)..........................................................................................................................15
B. Invloed Rousseau..................................................................................................................................15
2.2.2 Conservatieven en proto-feministen.........................................................................................................15
A. Conservatieve kritiek............................................................................................................................15
B. Proto-feministische kritiek....................................................................................................................15
Muzikaal Intermezzo..........................................................................................................................................16
2.3 De vele ‘ismes’....................................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.1 Liberalisme................................................................................................................................................16
2.3.2 Nationalisme.............................................................................................................................................16
A. Nationale cultuur?................................................................................................................................16
B. Nationaal grondgebied?.......................................................................................................................17
C. Definitie van de ‘natie’..........................................................................................................................17
D. ‘Nation Building’..................................................................................................................................17
E. Evolutie nationalisme 19de eeuw..........................................................................................................17
2.3.3 Radicalisme...............................................................................................................................................18
A. Utopisch socialisme..............................................................................................................................18
B. Wetenschappelijk socialisme................................................................................................................18
C. Anarchisme...........................................................................................................................................18
2.4 Examenvragen....................................................................................................................................... 19
3.1 Revoluties en ontstaan natiestaten........................................................................................................ 19
3.1.1 Congres van Wenen (1814 – 1815)...........................................................................................................19
3.1.2 Congressysteem (1815 – 1871).................................................................................................................19
3.1.3 Congressysteem (1815-1848)....................................................................................................................20
A. Latijns-Amerika.....................................................................................................................................20
B. Afbrokkeling Congressysteem..............................................................................................................20
, C. Frankrijk................................................................................................................................................21
D. België....................................................................................................................................................21
3.1.4 1848 revolutiegolf.....................................................................................................................................21
A. Eisenpakket...........................................................................................................................................21
3.1.5 triomf nationalistische bewegingen..........................................................................................................22
3.2 Nationalisme en Imperialisme................................................................................................................ 22
3.2.1 Integraal nationalisme..............................................................................................................................22
A. De krimoorlog.......................................................................................................................................23
3.2.2 Politieke en economische oorzaken..........................................................................................................23
3.2.3 Culturele oorzaken en (pseudo)wetenschap.............................................................................................23
3.2.4 Europese superioriteit..............................................................................................................................24
3.2.5 Nieuw imperialisme...................................................................................................................................24
3.2.6 Imapct Europese kolonisatie.....................................................................................................................24
A. De wild andere......................................................................................................................................24
B. Internalisering Europese discours........................................................................................................25
3.3 sociaaleconomische context................................................................................................................... 25
3.3.1 Industrialisering.........................................................................................................................................25
A. Oorsprong arbeidersbeweging.............................................................................................................26
B. Continentale arbeidersbeweging.........................................................................................................26
3.3.2 Vrouwen en de wereld..............................................................................................................................26
Muzikaal Intermezzo.................................................................................................................................26
A. Protofeminsie.......................................................................................................................................26
B. Vrouwenbeweging (eerste golf)...........................................................................................................27
C. Suffragette movement..........................................................................................................................27
D. Bevrijding via een omweg....................................................................................................................27
E. Moderne religieuze congregaties.........................................................................................................28
3.4 Examenvragen....................................................................................................................................... 28
4.1 Sociaaleconomische & politieke evolutie (2de helft 19de eeuw).............................................................28
4.1.1 Vernieuwing en stagnatie.........................................................................................................................28
4.1.2 Economische migratie...............................................................................................................................29
4.1.3 Stagnatie en vernieuwing.........................................................................................................................29
4.1.4 Politieke gevolgen.....................................................................................................................................29
A. Sociaaldemocratie................................................................................................................................30
B. Anarchisme...........................................................................................................................................30
C. Integraal nationalisme..........................................................................................................................30
D. Fin de siècle..........................................................................................................................................31
4.1.5 Reactie overheden?...................................................................................................................................31
A. Wortels sociale zekerheid.....................................................................................................................31
B. Wortels sociale zekerheid.....................................................................................................................31
4.1.6 La Belle époque.........................................................................................................................................32
4.2 Internationale rivaliteit.......................................................................................................................... 32
4.2.1 Internationale anarchie.............................................................................................................................32
4.2.2 Strijdtoneel: Azië en Afrika........................................................................................................................32
A. Japan speelt mee maar Europa domineert..........................................................................................32
4.2.3 Scramble of Africa.....................................................................................................................................33
Muzikaal Intermezzo..........................................................................................................................................33
4.3 Oorlog & revolutie.................................................................................................................................. 33
, 4.3.1 Oorlog in de maak.....................................................................................................................................33
4.3.2 Eerste Wereldoorlog.................................................................................................................................33
A. Totale Oorlog........................................................................................................................................34
..................................................................................................................................................................34
B. Oorlogseconomie..................................................................................................................................34
C. Oorlogstrauma......................................................................................................................................34
4.3.3 Russische Revolutie...................................................................................................................................34
A. Achtergrond..........................................................................................................................................34
B. °Revolutionaire ambities......................................................................................................................34
C. Revolutie 1905......................................................................................................................................35
D. °Russische Republiek............................................................................................................................35
E. Oktoberrevolutie 1917..........................................................................................................................35
F. Burgeroorlog (1917 – 1922)..................................................................................................................35
4.3.4 Impact Russische revolutie........................................................................................................................36
4.4 Examenvragen....................................................................................................................................... 36
5.1 Politieke herordening............................................................................................................................. 36
5.1.1 De weg naar vrede....................................................................................................................................36
5.1.2 Wilsonian optimisme.................................................................................................................................37
A. Zelfbeschikkingsrecht...........................................................................................................................37
B. Mandatensysteem................................................................................................................................37
5.1.3 Realpolitik..................................................................................................................................................38
A. Weimar-republiek................................................................................................................................38
B. Vernederd Duitsland.............................................................................................................................38
5.1.4 Samenwerking & spanning.......................................................................................................................39
5.1.5 Nationalisme verspreidt zich.....................................................................................................................39
A. Jonge Turken.........................................................................................................................................39
B. °Turkije (1923)......................................................................................................................................40
C. Perzië – Iran.........................................................................................................................................40
D. Brits-Indië.............................................................................................................................................40
E. China.....................................................................................................................................................41
5.2 Dictatuur................................................................................................................................................ 41
5.2.1 Sovjet-Unie................................................................................................................................................41
A. Lenin-regime.........................................................................................................................................41
B. Trotskysme............................................................................................................................................42
C. Stalin (1879 – 1953)..............................................................................................................................42
D. Sovjet-modernisering...........................................................................................................................42
5.2.2 Italië na WOI.............................................................................................................................................43
A. Mussolini (1883 – 1945).......................................................................................................................43
B. Italiaans expansionisme........................................................................................................................43
5.2.3 Franco Spanje (1939 – 1975).....................................................................................................................43
5.3 Economie & cultuur................................................................................................................................ 44
5.3.1 Economische evolutie na WOI...................................................................................................................44
5.3.2 Seksuele revolutie......................................................................................................................................44
5.3.3 de minder bekende Volkenbond................................................................................................................44
5.3.4 Verdere ontwikkeling overlegsysteem......................................................................................................44
3.3.5 Economische crisis eind jaren 20’..............................................................................................................45
A. Rivaliteit en wanhoop...........................................................................................................................45
3.3.6 Kunststromingen interbellum....................................................................................................................45
A. Surrealisme...........................................................................................................................................45
Muzikaal Intermezzo..........................................................................................................................................45
, 5.4 Examenvragen....................................................................................................................................... 45
6.1 (Tweede) wereldoorlog.......................................................................................................................... 46
6.1.1 Aanloop.....................................................................................................................................................46
A. Voorbereiding.......................................................................................................................................46
B. Herbewapening en territoriale expansie..............................................................................................46
C. As Berlijn-Rome-Tokyo.........................................................................................................................47
D. Tikkende klok........................................................................................................................................47
6.1.2 Verloop van de oorlog...............................................................................................................................47
A. De oorlog gaat voort.............................................................................................................................47
B. Even paniek (1939 – 1941)...................................................................................................................48
Muzikaal Intermezzo.................................................................................................................................48
C. Begin van het einde..............................................................................................................................48
D. Militaire ommekeer (1942 – 1945)......................................................................................................48
E. Oost- en Westfront...............................................................................................................................48
F. Einde......................................................................................................................................................49
6.1.3 Impact.......................................................................................................................................................49
A. Materiële & menselijke schade............................................................................................................49
B. Bevolkingstransfers...............................................................................................................................49
C. Repressie...............................................................................................................................................49
D. ‘Denazificatie’.......................................................................................................................................50
6.2 Naoorlogse relaties................................................................................................................................ 50
6.2.1 Spanningen westerse alliantie..................................................................................................................50
6.2.2 Angst voor Duitsland.................................................................................................................................50
6.2.3 Westers blok voortgezet...........................................................................................................................51
6.2.4 Oost VS West.............................................................................................................................................51
6.3 Wederopbouw....................................................................................................................................... 51
6.3.1 1947: censuur............................................................................................................................................52
6.3.2 Marshallplan (1947-1948)........................................................................................................................52
A. Doel.......................................................................................................................................................52
B. Impact...................................................................................................................................................52
6.3.3 Gouden jaren.............................................................................................................................................53
6.4 Examenvragen....................................................................................................................................... 53
7.1 Koude Oorlog......................................................................................................................................... 54
7.1.1 Gespannen vrede (OORSPRONG)..............................................................................................................54
7.1.2 Aanhoudende spanningen........................................................................................................................54
7.1.3 Het ‘Duitse probleem’ (1945-1949)...........................................................................................................54
A. Gevolgen Berlijn-crisis..........................................................................................................................55
7.1.4 Even rust....................................................................................................................................................55
7.1.5 De Koude Oorlog in Azië............................................................................................................................56
A. Proxy war..............................................................................................................................................56
B. Koreaoorlog (1950 – 1953)...................................................................................................................57
C. Gevolgen Koreaoorlog..........................................................................................................................57
7.1.6 impact Koude Oorlog................................................................................................................................57
A. Repressie...............................................................................................................................................58
7.1.7 Middelen...................................................................................................................................................58
A. Propaganda...........................................................................................................................................58
Muzikaal Intermezzo.................................................................................................................................59
B. Jan en alleman tegen het ‘orde gevaar’...............................................................................................59
7.2 De welvaartstaat.................................................................................................................................... 59
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