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Samenvatting Elektronica (sem1)
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Het document is een gedetailleerde samenvatting van het vak Elektronica.
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Samenvatting Elektronica 2021-2022HoGent academiejaar: 2021-2022
Jonas Van Opstal
,1. Inhoud
1. Inleiding .........................................................................................................................................................6
1.1. Besluiten ................................................................................................................................................6
2. Operationele versterker (Opamp) in open of gesloten lus............................................................................6
2.1. Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................6
2.2. Functie ...................................................................................................................................................6
2.3. Versterkingsfactor “A” en verzadiging opamp ......................................................................................6
2.4. Ideale opamp .........................................................................................................................................7
2.5. Zelftoets .................................................................................................................................................7
3. Comparator....................................................................................................................................................7
3.1. Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................7
3.2. Inverterende nuldoorgangsdetector .....................................................................................................7
3.3. Niet-Inverterende nuldoorgangsdetector .............................................................................................7
3.4. Niveau detector .....................................................................................................................................7
3.5. Comparator met hysteresis “Schmitt-Trigger” ......................................................................................8
3.6. Praktische toepassing ............................................................................................................................8
4. Inverterende Schakeling ................................................................................................................................8
4.1. Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................8
4.2. Verband tussen In- & Uitgangsspanning ...............................................................................................8
4.3. Ingangsimpedantie ................................................................................................................................9
4.4. Praktische toepassingen ........................................................................................................................9
5. Inverterende Versterker ................................................................................................................................9
5.1. Inleiding .................................................................................................................................................9
5.2. Verband tussen in en uitgangsspanning ................................................................................................9
5.3. Ingangsimpedantie ................................................................................................................................9
5.4. Begrenzer...............................................................................................................................................9
5.5. Praktische toepassingen ..................................................................................................................... 10
6. Sommeerversterker .................................................................................................................................... 10
6.1. Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................. 10
6.2. Verband tussen ingang -en uitgangsspanning .................................................................................... 10
6.3. Ingangsimpedantie ............................................................................................................................. 10
6.4. Praktische toepassing ......................................................................................................................... 10
7. Integrator .................................................................................................................................................... 10
7.1. Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................. 10
7.2. Verband tussen ingangsspanningen en uitgangsspanning ................................................................. 10
7.2.1. Willekeurige spanning ................................................................................................................ 10
7.2.2. Plots aangelegde gelijkspanning als ingang (stapresponsie) ...................................................... 11
7.2.3. Sinusoïdale spanning als ingang ................................................................................................. 11
7.3. Praktische toepassingen ..................................................................................................................... 11
8. Tamme integrator ....................................................................................................................................... 12
8.1. Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................. 12
8.2. Verband tussen ingangsspanningen en uitgangsspanning ................................................................. 12
, 8.2.1. Stapresponsie ............................................................................................................................. 12
8.2.2. Sinusregime ................................................................................................................................ 12
8.3. Praktische toepassingen ......................................................................................................................... 13
8.3.1. Actief eerste orde laagdoorlaatfilter: ......................................................................................... 13
9. Differentiator .............................................................................................................................................. 13
9.1. Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................. 13
9.2. Verband tussen ingangsspanningen en uitgangsspanning ................................................................. 13
9.2.1. Willekeurige spanning ................................................................................................................ 13
9.2.2. Stapresponsie ............................................................................................................................. 13
9.2.3. Sinusregime ................................................................................................................................ 14
9.2.4. Uitleg Fase en bode diagram ...................................................................................................... 14
9.3. Praktische Toepassingen .................................................................................................................... 14
10. Gedempte differentiator ........................................................................................................................ 14
10.1. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 14
10.2. Verband tussen ingangsspanningen en uitgangsspanning ............................................................. 14
10.2.1. Stapresponsie ............................................................................................................................. 14
10.2.2. Sinusregime ................................................................................................................................ 14
10.3. Bode- en fasediagram ..................................................................................................................... 15
10.4. Praktische Toepassingen ................................................................................................................ 15
11. Niet-Inverterende versterker ................................................................................................................. 15
11.1. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 15
11.2. Verband tussen ingangsspanningen en uitgangsspanning ............................................................. 15
11.3. Ingangsimpedantie ......................................................................................................................... 15
11.4. De bufferversterker ........................................................................................................................ 15
11.5. Praktische toepassingen ................................................................................................................. 15
12. Omzetter & andere opampschakelingen................................................................................................ 16
12.1. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 16
12.2. Stroombron..................................................................................................................................... 16
12.3. Stroom – spanning - omvormer ...................................................................................................... 16
12.4. Stroom – spanning – omzetter ....................................................................................................... 16
12.5. Spanningspiekdetector ................................................................................................................... 16
13. ZELFTOETS VRAGEN ................................................................................................................................ 17
13.1. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 17
13.2. Opamp ............................................................................................................................................ 17
13.3. Comparator..................................................................................................................................... 17
13.4. Inverterende schakeling ................................................................................................................. 17
13.5. Inverterende versterker ................................................................................................................. 17
13.6. Sommeerversterker ........................................................................................................................ 17
13.7. Integrator ........................................................................................................................................ 18
13.8. Tamme Integrator........................................................................................................................... 18
13.9. Differentiator .................................................................................................................................. 18
13.10. Gedempte differentiator ................................................................................................................ 19
, 13.11. Niet-inverterende versterker.......................................................................................................... 19
13.12. Omzetter en andere opampschakelingen ...................................................................................... 19
14. Transistor ................................................................................................................................................ 20
14.1. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 20
14.2. Bipolaire junctietransistor (BJT) ..................................................................................................... 20
14.2.1. Types ........................................................................................................................................... 20
14.2.2. Werking....................................................................................................................................... 20
14.2.3. Statische karakteristieken .......................................................................................................... 20
14.2.4. Werkingsgebied van Transistor .................................................................................................. 21
14.2.5. Transistor als schakelaar............................................................................................................. 21
14.3. Vermogenmosfet ............................................................................................................................ 21
14.3.1. Types ........................................................................................................................................... 21
14.3.2. Werking....................................................................................................................................... 22
14.3.3. Symbool ...................................................................................................................................... 22
14.3.4. Statische karakteristiek............................................................................................................... 22
14.3.5. Werkingsgebied van MOSFET ..................................................................................................... 22
14.3.6. MOSFET als schakelaar ............................................................................................................... 23
14.3.7. Vergelijking tussen een MOSFET en BJT ..................................................................................... 23
14.4. Insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) ......................................................................................... 23
14.4.1. Types ........................................................................................................................................... 23
14.4.2. Werking....................................................................................................................................... 23
14.4.3. Symbool ...................................................................................................................................... 23
14.4.4. Statische karakteristiek............................................................................................................... 24
14.4.5. Werkingsgebied van IGBT ........................................................................................................... 24
14.4.6. IGBT als schakelaar ..................................................................................................................... 24
14.4.7. Vergelijking tussen een IGBT, MOSFET en BJT ........................................................................... 24
15. Thyristor.................................................................................................................................................. 24
15.1. Inleiding .......................................................................................................................................... 24
15.2. Shockleydiode ................................................................................................................................. 24
15.2.1. Opbouw ...................................................................................................................................... 24
15.2.2. Werking....................................................................................................................................... 25
15.2.3. Statische karakteristiek............................................................................................................... 25
15.3. Éénrichtingsthyristor (SCR) ............................................................................................................. 25
15.3.1. Opbouw ...................................................................................................................................... 25
15.3.2. Werking....................................................................................................................................... 25
15.3.3. Statische karakteristiek............................................................................................................... 25
15.3.4. Werkingsgebied van de SCR ....................................................................................................... 26
15.3.5. Ongewenste ontsteekmethoden ................................................................................................ 26
15.3.6. Doven van thyristor .................................................................................................................... 26
15.4. Tweerichtingsthyristor (TRIAC) ....................................................................................................... 27
15.4.1. Werking....................................................................................................................................... 27
15.4.2. Statische karakteristiek............................................................................................................... 27
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