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Samenvatting Industriële sensoren (sem1)
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Het document is een gedetailleerde samenvatting van het vak Industriële sensoren.
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Samenvatting Industriële Sensoren2021-2022
HoGent academiejaar: 2021-2022
Jonas Van Opstal
, 1. INHOUDSOPGAVE
1. Inhoudsopgave ..............................................................................................................................................2
1. KARAKTERISTIEK VAN SENSOREN ..................................................................................................................7
1.1. Indeling sensoren volgens FYSISCHE MEETGROOTHEID .......................................................................7
1.2. Indeling sensoren volgens FYSISCH MEETPRINCIPE ..............................................................................7
1.2.1. Resistieve sensoren .......................................................................................................................7
1.2.2. Capacitieve sensoren .....................................................................................................................7
1.2.3. Inductieve sensoren ......................................................................................................................8
1.2.4. Optische sensoren .........................................................................................................................8
1.2.5. Piëzo-elektrische sensoren ............................................................................................................8
1.2.6. Ultrasone sensoren........................................................................................................................8
1.2.7. Chemische sensoren ......................................................................................................................8
1.3. Indeling sensoren volgens UITGANGSSIGNAAL .....................................................................................9
1.3.1. Directe en indirecte sensor............................................................................................................9
1.3.2. Analoog / Digitaal / Schakelaar .....................................................................................................9
1.4. Indeling sensoren volgens AANSLUITING ..............................................................................................9
1.5. Eigenschappen van sensoren ................................................................................................................9
1.5.1. Nauwkeurigheid.............................................................................................................................9
1.5.2. Precisie...........................................................................................................................................9
1.5.3. Resolutie ........................................................................................................................................9
1.5.4. Gevoeligheid ..................................................................................................................................9
1.5.5. Lineariteit .................................................................................................................................... 10
1.5.6. Bereik .......................................................................................................................................... 10
1.5.7. Werkingsgebied .......................................................................................................................... 10
2. EIGENSCHAPPEN VAN TE ONDERZOEKEN MEDIA ...................................................................................... 10
2.1. Aggregatietoestand ............................................................................................................................ 10
2.2. Karakteristieken van een stof ............................................................................................................. 10
2.3. Stromingseigenschappen ................................................................................................................... 10
2.4. Procesomstandigheden ...................................................................................................................... 10
3. Debietsensoren........................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1. Wat is debiet? ..................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2. Hoe debiet meten? ............................................................................................................................. 11
A. Coriolis-massadebietsensor ................................................................................................................ 11
B. Elektromagnetische debietsensor ...................................................................................................... 12
C. Meetflens, diafragma en verschildrukmeting .................................................................................... 12
D. Turbinedebietmeter ........................................................................................................................... 13
E. Ultrasone debietsensor ...................................................................................................................... 13
F. Vortexdebietsensor ............................................................................................................................ 14
G. Rotameter ........................................................................................................................................... 14
3.3. Hoe debietsensor kiezen? .................................................................................................................. 15
4. kracht- en druksensoren............................................................................................................................. 15
, 4.1. Wat is kracht en druk? ........................................................................................................................ 15
4.2. Hoe meet je kracht en druk? .............................................................................................................. 15
A. Elastische vervormingssensor............................................................................................................. 15
B. Piëzo-elektrische druksensor.............................................................................................................. 15
C. Capacitieve druksensor ...................................................................................................................... 15
D. Resistieve druksensor ......................................................................................................................... 16
4.3. Hoe kracht- en druksensor kiezen? .................................................................................................... 16
5. Temperatuursensoren ................................................................................................................................ 16
5.1. Wat is temperatuur? .......................................................................................................................... 16
5.2. Hoe temperatuur meten? .................................................................................................................. 16
A. Thermokoppel .................................................................................................................................... 16
B. Thermische weerstand ....................................................................................................................... 17
C. Thermistor .......................................................................................................................................... 17
D. Transistor temperatuursensor............................................................................................................ 17
E. Pyrometer ........................................................................................................................................... 17
F. Bimetaal .............................................................................................................................................. 17
5.3. Hoe temperatuursensor kiezen? ........................................................................................................ 17
6. Licht- en kleursensoren .............................................................................................................................. 18
6.1. Wat is licht en kleur? .......................................................................................................................... 18
6.2. Hoe licht en kleur meten? .................................................................................................................. 18
A. Lichtgevoelige weerstand ................................................................................................................... 18
B. Fotocel ................................................................................................................................................ 18
C. Fotodiode............................................................................................................................................ 18
D. Fotovoltaïsche cel ............................................................................................................................... 18
E. Fototransistor ..................................................................................................................................... 19
F. Kleursensoren ..................................................................................................................................... 19
7. Positiesensoren .......................................................................................................................................... 19
7.1. Wat is positie? .................................................................................................................................... 19
7.2. Hoe de positie meten – Benaderingsschakelaars? ............................................................................. 19
A. Inductief .............................................................................................................................................. 19
B. Capacitief ............................................................................................................................................ 19
C. Ultrasoon ............................................................................................................................................ 19
D. Optisch ................................................................................................................................................ 20
7.3. Hoe positie meten – Positiesensoren? ............................................................................................... 20
A. Inductieve positiesensor..................................................................................................................... 20
B. Optische positiesensoren of laserpositiesensoren ............................................................................. 20
C. Ultrasone positiesensor ...................................................................................................................... 21
D. Magnetostrictieve positiesensor ........................................................................................................ 21
E. Potentiometer positiesensor .............................................................................................................. 21
F. Encoder ............................................................................................................................................... 21
G. Resolver .............................................................................................................................................. 21
, H. Synchro ............................................................................................................................................... 22
I. Inductosyn .......................................................................................................................................... 22
7.4. Hoe moet je een benaderingsschakelaar kiezen? .............................................................................. 22
A. Inductief .............................................................................................................................................. 22
B. Capacitief ............................................................................................................................................ 22
C. Ultrasoon ............................................................................................................................................ 22
D. Optisch ................................................................................................................................................ 23
E. Diffuus................................................................................................................................................. 23
F. Retro-reflectief ................................................................................................................................... 23
7.5. Hoe moet je een positiesensor kiezen?.............................................................................................. 23
A. Voor- en nadelen van optische sensoren t.o.v. inductieve sensoren ................................................ 23
B. Servosystemen ................................................................................................................................... 23
8. niveausensoren........................................................................................................................................... 24
8.1. Wat is niveau? .................................................................................................................................... 24
8.2. Hoe meet je het niveau – Niveauschakelaar? .................................................................................... 24
A. Geleidbaarheidsschakelaar................................................................................................................. 24
B. Trilvork ................................................................................................................................................ 24
8.3. Hoe meet je het niveau – Niveausensor? ........................................................................................... 24
A. Peilstok ............................................................................................................................................... 24
B. Peilglas ................................................................................................................................................ 24
C. Peillood ............................................................................................................................................... 24
D. Drukdoos ............................................................................................................................................ 24
E. Vlotter ................................................................................................................................................. 24
F. Hydrostatische niveausensor ............................................................................................................. 24
G. Capacitieve niveausensor ................................................................................................................... 25
H. Ultrasone niveausensor ...................................................................................................................... 25
I. Radar niveausensor ............................................................................................................................ 25
8.4. Hoe een niveausensor kiezen? ........................................................................................................... 25
9. Ontstoring ................................................................................................................................................... 26
9.1. Inleiding .............................................................................................................................................. 26
9.2. Stoorsignalen verminderen ................................................................................................................ 26
9.3. Afschermen tegen stoorsignalen ........................................................................................................ 26
A. Storingen binnenkomend op het object............................................................................................. 26
B. Storing binnenkomend op de sensor ................................................................................................. 26
C. Aandacht besteden aan: ..................................................................................................................... 26
D. Storingen binnenkomend op de kabel ............................................................................................... 27
E. Storingen binnenkomend op de signaalverwerkende apparatuur .................................................... 27
9.4. Wegwerken van invloed van stoorsignalen........................................................................................ 27
A. Balanceren van een verbinding .......................................................................................................... 27
B. Filters .................................................................................................................................................. 28
C. Modulatie en demodulatie ................................................................................................................. 28
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