Europese En Belgische Privaatrechtsgeschiedenis (B001376A)
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By: nielsdepoorter1995 • 10 months ago
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INTERN RECHT
VERBINTENISSENRECHT
Inhoudsopgave
Inleiding........................................................................................................................................................ 3
Plaats en belang....................................................................................................................................................3
Begrippen..............................................................................................................................................................3
Classificatie bronnen.............................................................................................................................................4
Romeinse classificaties......................................................................................................................................4
Gaius..............................................................................................................................................................4
Naklassieke periode......................................................................................................................................4
Justinianus.....................................................................................................................................................4
BW van 1804.....................................................................................................................................................4
BBW...................................................................................................................................................................5
Contractenrecht............................................................................................................................................. 6
Inleiding.................................................................................................................................................................6
Algemeen contractenrecht....................................................................................................................................6
De wilsleer.........................................................................................................................................................6
Precontractuele fase.........................................................................................................................................6
Contractvrijheid.................................................................................................................................................6
Formele contractvrijheid...............................................................................................................................6
Formalisme consensualisme....................................................................................................................6
Voor de romeinen.....................................................................................................................................6
Romeinen..................................................................................................................................................7
Germanen..................................................................................................................................................7
Ius commune.............................................................................................................................................7
BW van 1804.............................................................................................................................................8
BBW...........................................................................................................................................................8
Toekomst...................................................................................................................................................8
Materiële contractvrijheid............................................................................................................................8
Voorwaarden voor een geldig contract............................................................................................................8
Toestemming.................................................................................................................................................8
Dwaling......................................................................................................................................................8
Bedrog.......................................................................................................................................................9
Geweld.......................................................................................................................................................9
Benadeling...............................................................................................................................................10
Bekwaamheid..............................................................................................................................................11
Geldige oorzaak...........................................................................................................................................11
Geldig voorwerp..........................................................................................................................................11
Bepaald of bepaalbaar............................................................................................................................11
Mogelijk...................................................................................................................................................11
Geoorloofd..............................................................................................................................................11
Uitvoering contracten.....................................................................................................................................12
Wanprestatie en haar gevolgen......................................................................................................................12
Wanprestatie...............................................................................................................................................12
Gevolgen van wanprestatie.........................................................................................................................14
Gedwongen uitvoering............................................................................................................................14
Ontbinding...............................................................................................................................................15
Exceptio non adimpleti contractus.........................................................................................................15
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, Bijzonder contractenrecht...................................................................................................................................15
Delicten en quasi-delicten...................................................................................................................................15
Romeinen........................................................................................................................................................15
Term delictum.............................................................................................................................................15
Actiones bij delict........................................................................................................................................16
Soorten delicten..........................................................................................................................................16
Furtum.....................................................................................................................................................16
Damnum iniuria datum...........................................................................................................................17
Iniuria.......................................................................................................................................................17
Quasi-delicten en foutloze aansprakelijkheid.............................................................................................18
Gewoonterecht...............................................................................................................................................18
Ius commune...................................................................................................................................................18
Iniuria...........................................................................................................................................................18
Aquiliaanse aansprakelijkheid.....................................................................................................................19
Andere vormen van aansprakelijkheid.......................................................................................................19
BW van 1804...................................................................................................................................................19
Latere ontwikkelingen.....................................................................................................................................20
BBW.................................................................................................................................................................20
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, INLEIDING
PLAATS EN BELANG
Verbintenissenrecht = het recht op
een prestatie van een persoon °
doen/laten/geven
Belang doorheen de geschiedenis
- vroege ME: verbintenissen onbelangrijk
- latere evolutie: verbintenissen wordt het centrale deel van privaatrecht
- gevolg: algemene regels verbintenissen = algemene regels privaatrecht
BBW
- boek 5 verbintenissen in werking op 1/1/2023
- nodig want chaos in de rechtspraak en BW 1804 verouderd
- succes, want geen chaos meer
- mislukt, want het weerspiegelt nog steeds de oude mentaliteit
BEGRIPPEN
Verbintenis
- uit romeins recht: obligatio = iemand in de boeien slagen, in bepaalde gevallen wanneer iemand iets verkeerd
gedaan heeft en de andere heeft hierdoor schade
- later = verplichting om iets te doen, anders wordt men vastgebonden
- nog later = iets doen, laten of geven, een prestatie in het voordeel van een ander
- hedendaagse definitie steunt op de definitie van de Romeinen
Debitor = heeft debitum
Creditor = heeft schuldvordering/vorderingsrecht
! schuld ≠ aansprakelijkheid
schuld = iets wat je moet doen
aansprakelijkheid = iets wat men je kan vragen
vb. kind van 9 jaar trapt een bal in de ruit, kind heeft schuld maar ouders zijn aansprakelijk
BBW
° art. 5.1 definitie verbintenis
° art. 5.46 lid 2 voorwerp van een verbintenis
Bron van een verbintenis = een feit dat een verbintenis doet ontstaan
Contract = het samentreffen van twee of meer wilsuitingen
met het oog op het doen ontstaan van 1 of meer
verbintenissen (art. 5.4 BBW)
Overeenkomst = het samentreffen van twee of meer
wilsuitingen met het oog op het doen ontstaan, wijzigen of
uitdoven van 1 of meer verbintenissen (in BBW als
synoniem gebruikt voor een contract, art. 5.4)
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