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Samenvatting Fysiologie ZeZi 2e bach
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Samenvatting van het deel fysio van 2e bach bij ZeZi
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FYSIOLOGIEZenuwen en zintuigen – L. Leybaert
2E BACHELOR
GENEESKUNDE
Ugent
,Inhoudstafel
H3 fysiologie van neurotransmitters en hun receptoren .......................................................................... 4
3.1 Neurotransmitters, receptoren en hun effecten ............................................................................. 4
3.1.1 Acetylcholine ............................................................................................................................. 4
3.1.2 Amine-NT (biogene aminen) ..................................................................................................... 5
3.1.3 AZ-neurotransmitters ............................................................................................................. 14
3.1.4 Polypeptide-neurotransmitters ....................................................................................... 20
3.1.5 Purinerge NT (ATP-ADP-ADMP-adenosine) ............................................................................ 21
3.1.6 Co-release ............................................................................................................................... 22
3.1.7 Lipidederivaten ....................................................................................................................... 22
3.1.8 Neuroactieve steroïden .......................................................................................................... 22
3.1.9 Gasvormige neurotransmitters ............................................................................................... 22
3.2 Synaptische integratie.................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.1 Convergentie en divergentie................................................................................................... 24
3.2.2 Feedforward en feedbackinhibitie .......................................................................................... 24
3.2.3 Recurrente inhibitie ................................................................................................................ 24
3.2.4 Presynaptische inhibitie .......................................................................................................... 24
<-> Presynaptische facilitatie: .......................................................................................................... 24
3.2.5 Laterale inhibitie ..................................................................................................................... 25
3.2.6 Temporele en spatiale sommatie ........................................................................................... 25
3.2.7 Reverbererende circuits .......................................................................................................... 25
3.3 Synaptische plasticiteit .................................................................................................................. 26
3.3.1 Posttetanische potentiatie ...................................................................................................... 26
3.3.2 Habituatie................................................................................................................................ 26
3.3.3 Sensitisatie .............................................................................................................................. 26
3.3.4 Long-term potentiatie = LTP ................................................................................................... 27
3.3.5 Long-term depressie = LTD ..................................................................................................... 28
3.3.6 Leerproces en geheugen ......................................................................................................... 29
3.3.7 Korte en langetermijngeheugen ............................................................................................. 30
H13 Sensoriële fysiologie: tast, temperatuur, auditieve, olfactorische, gustatorische en visuele
receptorcellen .......................................................................................................................................... 32
13.1 Overzicht ...................................................................................................................................... 32
13.2 Tastreceptoren in de huid ............................................................................................................ 33
13.3 Temperatuurreceptoren in de huid ............................................................................................. 34
13.4 Proprioreceptoren ....................................................................................................................... 34
13.5 Olfactorische receptorcellen........................................................................................................ 35
13.6 Gustatorische receptorcellen....................................................................................................... 36
1
, 13.7 Auditieve en vestibulaire receptorcellen: de haarcellen ............................................................. 36
H14 Fysiologie van de retina .................................................................................................................... 37
13.8 Fotoreceptorcellen in de retina ................................................................................................... 37
14.1: Accommodatie & near response ................................................................................................ 39
14.2 Scherp zicht .................................................................................................................................. 39
14.3 Cellen in de retina ........................................................................................................................ 40
14.4 NT betrokken bij de werking van de retina.................................................................................. 41
14.5 Elektrische activiteit in de retina ................................................................................................. 42
14.6 Ganglioncellen: M- en P-cellen .................................................................................................... 43
H17 Fysiologie van de visuele corticale area’s ......................................................................................... 46
17.1 Anatomische banen ..................................................................................................................... 46
17.2 De visuele corticale area’s ........................................................................................................... 47
17.3 Binoculair zicht ............................................................................................................................. 51
17.4 Oogbewegingen ........................................................................................................................... 51
H21 Fysiologie van het auditief en vestibulair systeem, en de auditieve corticale area’s ...................... 52
13.7 Auditieve en vestibulaire receptorcellen: de haarcellen ............................................................. 52
21.1 Het auditief systeem en de auditieve cortex ............................................................................... 53
21.2 Het vestibulair systeem................................................................................................................ 60
21.3 Rol van het cerebellum in het leerproces van de VOR ................................................................ 61
H25 Spierspoel, reflexen en controle van de spiercontractie.................................................................. 63
25.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................ 63
25.2 Spierspoeltjes ............................................................................................................................... 63
25.3 De rekreflex = myotatische reflex ................................................................................................ 64
25.4 Functie van de spierspoeltjes....................................................................................................... 65
25.5 De golgi-peesorganen .................................................................................................................. 66
25.6 Terugtrekreflexen = flexorreflexen .............................................................................................. 67
25.7 Clonus........................................................................................................................................... 67
25.8 Effect van centrale interrupties op de motoriek ......................................................................... 68
25.8.1 Spinale sectie ........................................................................................................................ 68
25.8.2 Decerebratie ......................................................................................................................... 68
25.8.3 Decorticatie ........................................................................................................................... 69
H36 De associatieve cortices ................................................................................................................... 70
36.1 Inleiding........................................................................................................................................ 70
36.2 De posterior pariëtale cortex ....................................................................................................... 70
36.2 De prefrontale cortex................................................................................................................... 71
36.3 Temporale gebied ........................................................................................................................ 71
2
, Onthouden: Interneuron= typisch GABA erg (-)
Pyramidale neuronen= typisch glutamerg (+)
3
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