GENERAL STAGES IN A CIVIL LITIGATION ACTION (DIAGRAM) .............................................. 5
INITIAL AND PRE-ACTION CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................ 6
TAKING INSTRUCTIONS (NEW CLIENT) ................................................................................................. 6
1. GENERAL RULES ON COSTS .................................................................................................................... 6
2. TYPES OF FUNDING AGREEMENT ............................................................................................................. 6
DUTY, BREACH, CAUSATION, AND LOSS ................................................................................................ 7
LIMITATION PERIODS & RUNNING CONCURRENT CASES ........................................................................ 7
COMMENCING PROCEEDINGS...................................................................................................... 8
1. PRACTICE DIRECTION: PRE-ACTION CONDUCT P.503) ....................................................................... 8
2. PD: PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE PRE-ACTION PROTOCOL (P.507) ................................................... 9
OTHER PRE-ACTION CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................... 10
PRE-ACTION DISCLOSURE (CPR 31.16) ..................................................................................................... 10
PRE-ACTION PART 36 OFFERS (CPR 36).................................................................................................... 10
CHOICE OF COURT: RULES GOVERNING COMMENCEMENT OF PROCEEDINGS ....................................... 10
SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM............................................................................................................ 11
ISSUING THE CLAIM FORM .......................................................................................................................... 11
SERVING THE CLAIM FORM ........................................................................................................................ 11
ADDRESS FOR CLAIM FORM SERVICE (CPR 6.7-6.11) ................................................................................. 11
WHO SERVES THE CLAIM FORM? ................................................................................................................ 11
PARTICULARS OF CLAIM SERVICE ............................................................................................................... 12
ALTERNATIVE SERVICE OF THE CLAIM FORM ............................................................................................... 12
IRREGULAR SERVICE AND DISPENSING WITH SERVICE OF CLAIM FORM ......................................................... 12
SERVICE OF OTHER DOCUMENTS (INCLUDING PARTICULARS OF CLAIM) ........................................................ 12
ADDRESS FOR SERVICE OF OTHER DOCUMENTS ......................................................................................... 12
RESPONSE BY THE DEFENDANT ................................................................................................................. 13
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF SERVICE .............................................................................................................. 13
DEFENCE ................................................................................................................................................. 13
IF THE DEFENDANT DOES NOT RESPOND ............................................................................................ 13
APPLICATION TO EXTEND TIME ................................................................................................................... 13
APPLIATION FOR JUDGMENT IN DEFAULT (CPR 12) ..................................................................................... 13
Procedure for judgment in default: ......................................................................................................................................14
SETTING ASIDE A JUDGMENT IN DEFAULT (CPR 13) .................................................................................... 14
RULES FOR COUNTING TIME ............................................................................................................... 14
STATEMENTS OF CASE ...................................................................................................................... 15
MAIN STATEMENTS OF CASE ...................................................................................................................... 15
RULES GOVERNING THE FORM AND CONTENT OF STATEMENTS OF CASE ...................................................... 15
DRAFTING QUESTION: PARTICULARS OF CLAIM .................................................................... 16
DRAFTING QUESTION: DEFENCE ............................................................................................... 18
PCR: WHEN YOU SUSPECT THE DEFENDANT IS NOT TELLING THE TRUTH ..................................................... 19
COUNTERCLAIMS (CPR 20.4) ............................................................................................................ 19
SET OFF ................................................................................................................................................... 19
REPLY AND DEFENCE ................................................................................................................................ 19
PART 20 CLAIMS: THIRD PARTIES ...................................................................................................... 19
AMENDMENTS TO STATEMENTS OF CASE (CPR 17.1) ......................................................................... 19
REQUESTS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION (CPR 18) ............................................................................. 20
Key: Case; Legislation; Statute Book Page Ref 1
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,05/07/2022, 11:26 Civil Litigation Exam Notes
Initial and Pre-Action Considerations
ALLOCATION, CASE & COSTS MANAGEMENT STAGES (DIAGRAM) ....................................................... 21
ALLOCATION AND THE CMC ....................................................................................................... 22
THE NOTICE OF PROPOSED ALLOCATION (NPA)................................................................................ 22
(A) SPECIFY MATTERS TO BE COMPLIED WITH ........................................................................................... 22
(B) THE DIRECTIONS QUESTIONNAIRE ........................................................................................................ 22
NOTICE OF ALLOCATION ............................................................................................................................ 22
(C) PROPOSED DIRECTIONS + DISCLOSURE REPORT .................................................................................. 23
(D)(I) COST BUDGET – PRECEDENT H ........................................................................................................ 23
(D)(II) BUDGET DISCUSSION REPORT – PRECEDENT R ................................................................................ 23
CMC ................................................................................................................................................ 23
THE COURT’S COST MANAGEMENT POWERS ....................................................................................... 24
COST MANAGEMENT ORDERS .................................................................................................................... 24
COST CAPPING ORDERS ............................................................................................................................ 24
THE COURT’S CASE MANAGEMENT POWERS ....................................................................................... 24
STRIKE OUT .............................................................................................................................................. 24
SANCTIONS .............................................................................................................................................. 25
UNLESS ORDERS ...................................................................................................................................... 25
FAILURE TO COMPLY ................................................................................................................................. 25
RELIEF FROM SANCTIONS & DENTON TEST ................................................................................................. 25
The court will apply the 3-stage test from Denton ..............................................................................................................25
EXAM QUESTION APPROACH: SANCTIONS/RELIEF .............................................................................. 26
EXAM QUESTION APPROACH: EVALUATING DIRECTIONS ..................................................................... 26
DISCLOSURE ................................................................................................................................. 27
STEP 1: DEFINE DISCLOSURE ............................................................................................................ 27
STEP 2: DEFINE INSPECTION ............................................................................................................ 27
STEP 3: “DOCUMENTS” AND “CONTROL” .......................................................................................... 27
(I) STATE THAT THE DOCUMENTS FALL WITHIN THE DEFINITIONS OF “DOCUMENTS”........................................ 27
(II) STATE THAT THE DOCUMENTS FALL WITHIN THE DEFINITIONS OF ‘CONTROL’ ............................................ 27
STEP 4: DOES IT FALL WITHIN ‘STANDARD DISCLOSURE’ (MODEL D)? ................................................. 27
DISCLOSURE ORDERS – DISCLOSURE PILOT SCHEME (‘DPS’) .................................................................... 27
STEP 5: CAN WE WITHOLD IT FOR ANY REASON? ............................................................................... 28
LITIGATION PRIVILEGE: .............................................................................................................................. 28
LEGAL ADVICE PRIVILEGE: ......................................................................................................................... 28
‘WITHOUT PREJUDICE’ PRIVILEGE .............................................................................................................. 29
WAIVING PRIVILEGE .................................................................................................................................. 29
REDACTION .............................................................................................................................................. 29
GENERAL POINTS ON DISCLOSURE: ................................................................................................... 29
STEP 6: PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT ISSUES ......................................................................................... 30
STEP 7: WHICH LIST? ....................................................................................................................... 30
PROCEDURE FOR DISCLOSURE .......................................................................................................... 30
Initial and Pre-Action Considerations
EXPERT EVIDENCE ............................................................................................................................ 34
PERMISSION TO USE AN EXPERT ................................................................................................................ 34
DUTY TO THE COURT ................................................................................................................................. 34
LETTERS OF INSTRUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 35
MEETINGS OF EXPERTS ............................................................................................................................ 35
SINGLE JOINT EXPERTS ............................................................................................................................ 36
QUESTIONS TO EXPERTS (CPR 35.6) ........................................................................................................ 36
NEGLIGENT EXPERTS ................................................................................................................................ 36
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................. 37
METHODS OF MAKING INTERIM APPLICATIONS .................................................................................... 37
PROCEDURE OF MAKING INTERIM APPLICATIONS ......................................................................................... 37
FILING AND SERVICE OF INTERIM APPLICATIONS .......................................................................................... 37
COST ORDERS .................................................................................................................................. 38
POST HEARING MATTERS ................................................................................................................... 38
SECURITY FOR COSTS (CPR 25) ....................................................................................................... 39
GROUNDS (CPR 25.13(2)): ...................................................................................................................... 39
COURT’S DISCRETION ............................................................................................................................... 39
AMOUNT/TYPE OF SECURITY ...................................................................................................................... 39
WHAT HAPPENS TO THE CLAIM IF SECURITY CAN’T BE PAID? ........................................................................ 40
SUMMARY JUDGEMENT (CPR 24)...................................................................................................... 40
GROUNDS (CPR 24.2): ............................................................................................................................. 40
PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................................................. 40
ORDERS ................................................................................................................................................... 40
PART 36 OFFERS AND TRIAL ...................................................................................................... 41
PART 36 OFFERS............................................................................................................................... 41
PROCEDURE: MAKING A PART 36 OFFER ................................................................................................... 41
ACCEPTANCE OF A PART 36 OFFER ........................................................................................................... 41
REJECTION OF CLAIMANT’S PART 36 OFFER – CPR 36.17 ......................................................................... 42
REJECTION OF DEFENDANT’S PART 36 OFFER – CPR 36.17 ...................................................................... 42
Factors in determining whether it is unjust to make the costs orders in CPR 36.17(3)/(4) .................................................42
If both parties have made P36 offers which have been rejected: .......................................................................................42
SETTLEMENT: CONSENT ORDERS .............................................................................................................. 43
PREPARATIONS FOR TRIAL ................................................................................................................ 43
GENERAL POINTS ON TRIAL ............................................................................................................... 44
COSTS .............................................................................................................................................. 44
AMOUNT OF COSTS................................................................................................................................... 44
WHEN COSTS ARE PAYABLE...................................................................................................................... 44
TIPS FOR PART 36 QUESTIONS .................................................................................................. 45
ENFORCEMENT AND APPEALS .................................................................................................. 46
MEANS OF DOMESTIC ENFORCEMENT ................................................................................................ 46
APPEALS (CPR 52)........................................................................................................................... 46
APPEALS FLOWCHART ............................................................................................................................... 47
INTERIM INJUNCTIONS ................................................................................................................ 48
INTERIM PROHIBITORY INJUNCTIONS.................................................................................................. 48
STAGE ONE: IS THERE A PRE-EXISTING CAUSE OF ACTION? ....................................................................... 48
Key: Case; Legislation; Statute Book Page Ref 3
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