Summary
Samenvatting RECHT VOOR WELZIJNSWERKERS (2018)
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Duidelijke en uitgebreide samenvatting van het vak 'Recht voor Welzijnswerkers' Fase 1, SRW (UCLL). Geschreven 2019, docent Jean-Pierre Mart
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InhoudsopgaveRecht voor welzijnswerkers..........................................................................................................................5
Bronnen en beginselen van het recht.......................................................................................................5
1. Ontstaan en ontwikkeling.........................................................................................................................5
2. Wat is recht?.............................................................................................................................................6
3. Bronnen van het recht..............................................................................................................................8
a. Wetgeving.............................................................................................................................................9
b. Gewoonte...........................................................................................................................................13
c. Rechtspraak........................................................................................................................................14
d. Rechtsleer...........................................................................................................................................15
e. Algemene rechtsbeginselen................................................................................................................15
f. Billijkheid.............................................................................................................................................16
4. Indeling van het recht.............................................................................................................................16
Toepassing van het recht........................................................................................................................19
Rechtshulp en conflicthantering.................................................................................................................19
1. Rechtshulp: op wie kan men beroep doen bij juridische problemen?...................................................19
a. Advocatuur.........................................................................................................................................19
b. OCMW................................................................................................................................................24
c. Vakbonden..........................................................................................................................................24
d. Mutualiteiten......................................................................................................................................24
e. Verbruikersorganisaties......................................................................................................................25
f. Wetswinkels en huurdersbonden........................................................................................................25
g. Kinderrechtswinkels............................................................................................................................25
2. Conflictregeling: hoe kunnen conflicten geregeld worden buiten de rechtbanken om?........................27
a. Ingebrekestelling................................................................................................................................27
b. Onderhandelen...................................................................................................................................27
c. Verzoening voor de vrederechter.......................................................................................................27
d. Ombudsdiensten................................................................................................................................28
e. Geschillencommissies – Arbitrage......................................................................................................28
f. Bemiddeling.........................................................................................................................................29
Gerechtelijke organisatie en procedure.....................................................................................................31
1. De gerechtelijke macht...........................................................................................................................31
, a. Nationale rechtbanken.......................................................................................................................31
Gewone rechtbanken.............................................................................................................................31
Bijzondere rechtbanken.........................................................................................................................43
b. Internationale Rechtbanken...............................................................................................................45
2. De gerechtelijke functies........................................................................................................................46
a. Raadsheer – rechter............................................................................................................................47
b. Griffier................................................................................................................................................47
c. Openbaar ministerie (OM).................................................................................................................47
d. Advocaat.............................................................................................................................................48
e. Gerechtsdeurwaarder.........................................................................................................................48
f. Notaris.................................................................................................................................................48
g. Bemiddelaar........................................................................................................................................48
h. Arbiter................................................................................................................................................49
3. De gerechtsprocedure............................................................................................................................49
Inleiding van de zaak..............................................................................................................................49
Aanvang van de zaak..............................................................................................................................49
Verder verloop........................................................................................................................................49
Uitspraak: Vonnis - arrest.......................................................................................................................50
Betekening..............................................................................................................................................50
Rechtsmiddelen......................................................................................................................................50
Uitvoering vonnis – arrest......................................................................................................................51
Gerechtskosten......................................................................................................................................52
Staatsrecht.............................................................................................................................................53
1. Staatsinrichting.......................................................................................................................................53
2. De federale staat....................................................................................................................................54
a. Bevoegdheidsverdeling.......................................................................................................................54
b. De Koning...........................................................................................................................................56
c. De federale regering...........................................................................................................................57
d. Het federaal parlement......................................................................................................................65
e. Rechtsbronnen federale overheid......................................................................................................69
3. Gemeenschappen en gewesten..............................................................................................................72
a. Gemeenschappen...............................................................................................................................72
b. Gewesten............................................................................................................................................74
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, c. Instellingen..........................................................................................................................................77
d. Rechtsbronnen van de gemeenschappen en gewesten.....................................................................81
4. Provincies en gemeenten.......................................................................................................................82
a. Provincies............................................................................................................................................82
b. Gemeenten.........................................................................................................................................84
Verbintenissenrecht – aansprakelijkheid................................................................................................87
1. Aansprakelijkheid voor onrechtmatige daad..........................................................................................87
a. Contractuele aansprakelijkheid..........................................................................................................88
b. Strafrechtelijke aansprakelijkheid......................................................................................................88
2. Persoonlijke aansprakelijkheid voor onrechtmatige daad......................................................................89
a. Juridische basis...................................................................................................................................89
b. Bestanddelen......................................................................................................................................89
3. Kwalitatieve aansprakelijkheid voor onrechtmatige daad......................................................................93
a. Aansprakelijkheid ouders....................................................................................................................94
b. Aansprakelijkheid aansteller...............................................................................................................95
c. Aansprakelijkheid onderwijzers..........................................................................................................95
d. Aansprakelijkheid opvoeders -begeleiders.........................................................................................96
e. Beperking aansprakelijkheid...............................................................................................................96
4. Andere visies op risico............................................................................................................................98
5. Aansprakelijkheidsverzekeringen.........................................................................................................100
Burgerrechtelijke en procesrechtelijke positie van minderjarigen.......................................................100
1. Begrippen.............................................................................................................................................100
a. Natuurlijk of fysiek persoon – rechtspersoon...................................................................................100
b. Rechtssubject – rechtsobject............................................................................................................101
c. Rechtshandeling – rechtsfeit.............................................................................................................101
2. Burgerrechtelijke rechtspositie.............................................................................................................101
a. Principiële handelingsonbekwaamheid MJ.......................................................................................101
b. Handelingen die MJ zelf kan stellen..................................................................................................102
c. Handelingen die MJ kan stellen behoudens verzet...........................................................................104
d. Handelingen die MJ kan stellen mits toestemming..........................................................................104
e. Handelingen waarvoor MJ bijstand nodig heeft...............................................................................104
f. Bijzondere situaties...........................................................................................................................105
g. Nietigheid.........................................................................................................................................105
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, 3. Procesrechtelijke rechtspositie.............................................................................................................107
a. Principiële procesonbekwaamheid MJ.............................................................................................107
b. Uitzondering: procesonbekwaamheid..............................................................................................107
c. Juridische bijstand.............................................................................................................................108
4. Ontvoogding.........................................................................................................................................109
a. Wat is ontvoogding?.........................................................................................................................109
b. Procedure.........................................................................................................................................109
c. Gevolgen...........................................................................................................................................110
Ouderlijke rechten en plichten – Voogdij.............................................................................................113
1. Ouderlijke rechten en plichten.............................................................................................................113
a. Ouders hebben rechten/“gezag” over hun kinderen........................................................................113
b. Ouders hebben ook plichten ten aanzien van hun kinderen............................................................118
2. Voogdij.................................................................................................................................................123
a. Openvallen voogdij...........................................................................................................................123
b. Actoren voogdij................................................................................................................................123
c. Taken van de voogd..........................................................................................................................124
d. Voogdijgezag....................................................................................................................................125
e. Waarborgen voogdij.........................................................................................................................125
f. Controle voogdijorganen...................................................................................................................125
g. Betwisting MJ – (toeziende) voogd...................................................................................................125
h. Einde voogdij....................................................................................................................................126
Geheimhoudingsplicht en privacywetgeving........................................................................................126
1. Situering...............................................................................................................................................126
a. Discretieplicht – ambtsgeheim.........................................................................................................126
b. Bescherming persoonlijke levenssfeer wet verwerking persoonsgegevens.....................................127
c. Beroepsgeheim.................................................................................................................................130
2. Beroepsgeheim.....................................................................................................................................131
a. Artikel 458 Strafwetboek..................................................................................................................131
b. Toepassingsgebied............................................................................................................................131
c. Schending van het beroepsgeheim...................................................................................................134
d. Toelating om te spreken...................................................................................................................137
e. Sancties schending beroepsgeheim..................................................................................................144
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