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Summary NAZI GERMANY INDEPENDENT STUDY FULLY COMPLETED
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Term 3 Independent studyTopic : The Golden Age
Definitions
Anti-Capitalism - Rejects an economic system based on private property and profit.
Anti-Marxism - Opposition to the ideology of Karl Marx.
Anti-Modernism - Strand of opinion which rejects, objects to or is highly critical of changes to
culture and society brought about by technological advancement.
Avant Garde - A general term suggesting new ideas and styles in art.
Balanced Budget - A financial programme in which the government does not spend more
than it raises in revenue.
Bauhaus - The Bauhaus style was started by Walter Gropius with its emphasis on the close
relationship between art and technology.
Cartelisation - Means a group of industry participants coming together to fix pricing of goods
and services.
Dada - Dada was an art movement formed during the First World War in Zurich in negative
reaction to the horrors and folly of the war. The art, poetry and performance produced by
dada artists is often satirical and nonsensical in nature.
Dawes Plan - The Dawes Plan was a plan in 1924 that successfully resolved the issue of
World War I reparations that Germany had to pay. It ended a crisis in European diplomacy
following World War I and the Treaty of Versailles.
Deficit Financing - The financial policy of a government to spend more then it receives as
revenue, in order to stimulate the economy. In this way, it gives the people more money to
spend and so, in theory increases the demand for goods and thereby creates work.
Expressionists - Artists who focus on expressing feelings through symbolism, exaggeration
or distortion.
German Romanticism - German classicism in art, literature and music.
Grand coalition - The term grand coalition was used for a coalition that included the Social
Democratic Party, SPD, the Catholic Centre Party and the liberal parties Democratic Party,
DDP and People's Party, DVP. Such a coalition was in power in 1923 and from 1928 until
1930, although the latter was a conglomerate of parties with somewhat conflicting interests
that banded together as a safeguard for democracy against the radical political parties. In
March 1930, the Great Coalition broke apart, with the resignation of the SPD over the
contentious issue of increasing employees' national insurance contributions at a time when
wages were falling.
, Labour exchanges - Local offices created by the state for finding employment. Many were
created in countries to counter mass unemployment.
Mein Kampf - ‘My struggle.’ The book was dictated by Hitler in 1924 which expresses his
political views.
National Opposition - A title given to a group of various political forces that was forged out of
the young plan in 1929 in order to oppose all reparations payments.
Neue Sachlichkeit - A form of art that developed in post-war Germany which tried to express
reality with a more objective view of the world.
Public works - Employment schemes financed by the state to provide jobs.
Real wages - The actual purchasing power of income when set against prices, taking into
account inflation/deflation and also the effect of deductions.
Socialist republic - A system of government without a monarchy that aims to introduce social
changes for collective benefit.
Vernunftrepublikaner - ‘A rational republican.’ Used in the 1920’s to define those people who
really wanted Germany to have a constitutional monarchy but who, out of necessity, came to
support the democratic Weimar republic.
Wandervogel movement - Wandervogel (Wandering Bird) is the name adopted by a popular
movement of German youth groups from 1896 to 1933, who protested against
industrialization by going to hike in the country and commune with nature in the woods.
Young plan - The Young Plan was a program for settling Germany's World War I reparations
written in August 1929 and formally adopted in 1930. The Young Plan reduced further
payments by about 20 percent.
Comprehension
1) In 1923 the economic situation in Germany was dire. The Weimar republic was hit with its
worst inflationary crisis in history and the German currency became worthless. Confidence in
the mark was completely lost and as a result the confidence by consumers was lost too. As
a result of the inflationary crisis many lost jobs and the middle classes were particularly
affected as they had lost all their savings overnight. Unemployment saw an increase due to
the lack of jobs available due to the decreased demands for goods and services. The
Weimar republic also increased expenditure due to its welfare state to deal with the mass
unemployment. However the real value of the government’s budget deficit had significantly
been reduced as a result of the hyperinflation. Overall, the German economy was in a poor
position in 1923 with the vast majority of Germans being adversely affected by the
hyperinflation crisis.
2) Unsurprisingly the economic hardships created by the hyperinflation crisis led to many
uprisings and niche parties attempting to gain more political influence. Examples include,
● A nationalist group called Black Reichswehr rebelled in September.
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