Flashcards that summarize exactly what you need to know about Strand 2: Human Reproduction according to the SAGS document. These flashcards will get you through any test. They will ensure you grasp the content well and help you be prepared for your next Life Science exam.
Male Reproductive System
What are the male reproductive parts and their functions:
testes, scrotum, germinal epithelium, seminiferous tubules,
epididymis, sperm duct, penis, prostate gland, seminal vesicle,
foreskin?
How does sperm travel?
Scrotum- houses and protects the testes, acts as a temperature
regulator
Testes: Seminiferous tubules- spermatogenesis takes place
here
Germinal epithelium- undergoes meiosis to produce
sperm (male gametes)
Interstitial cells – produce testosterone
Epididymis- sperm become mature and are stored
Sperm duct- pushes sperm forward by strong peristaltic waves
from the epididymis into the urethra (ejaculation)
Prostate gland – secretes a fluid that helps the sperm move
Seminal vesicle – secretes an alkaline fluid that helps neutralise
the acidity of the vaginal tract, prolonging the lifespan of sperm
Penis – deposits semen with sperm into the female’s vagina
during copulation
Foreskin – protects the head of the penis from damage
Testes epididymis sperm duct prostate gland urethra
penis
What is the difference between sperm and
semen?
, What is the difference between erection and
ejaculation?
- Sperm are the male gametes that contain the male
genetic material
- Semen consists of sperm and fluids from the sperm duct,
prostate gland, and seminal vesicle
- An erection is the stiffening of the penis
- Ejaculation is the expulsion of semen
Female Reproductive System
What are the female reproductive parts and their functions:
ovary including follicles and corpus luteum, oviduct, uterus,
endometrium, cervix, vagina, and clitoris.
Ovary: Almond-shaped organ – Forms and releases an egg,
produces oestrogen and progesterone.
Follicles: primary + mature (Graafian) – contains immature
eggs. Releases mature eggs (ovulation) and secrete oestrogen.
Corpus Luteum: develops from a mature follicle- secretes
oestrogen and progesterone.
Oviduct (fallopian tubes): stretch from ovary to uterus- pathway
between uterus and ovary for eggs, sperm and zygote, site for
fertilisation and initial cell division of the zygote.
Uterus: Hollow muscular organ – the organ in which embryo
(blastocyst) is implanted, the embryo grows and develops into
a foetus.
Endometrium: vascular (many blood vessels) lining of the
uterus- forms part of the placenta that serves to nourish the
foetus.
Cervix: lower part of the uterus that projects into the vagina-
sphincter muscle keeps uterus closed during pregnancy.
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