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Samenvatting studie van sociaal werk
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Samenvatting studie van sociaal werk. Alles wat je moet kennen voor het examen: - Alle powerpoints - Film La Tête haute - Gastcollege SAM
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Inhoud1. Inleiding in het sociaal werk ............................................................................................... 6
1.1 Sociaal werk: aandacht voor 3 dimensies ................................................................... 6
1.2 Enkele feiten ................................................................................................................ 6
2. Sociaal werk als sociale praktijk .......................................................................................... 6
3. Wat is sociaal werk ............................................................................................................. 7
3.1 De internationale definitie van SW (2000) .................................................................. 7
3.1.1. Kernconcept van sociaal werk in 2000 ..................................................................... 7
3.2 De nieuwe globale definitie (2014) ............................................................................. 7
3.3 Van 2000 naar 2014 ..................................................................................................... 7
3.3.1 Waarom sociaal werk? .............................................................................................. 7
3.3.2 Hoe gaat het sociaal werk dat bereiken? .................................................................. 8
3.3.3 Wat doet sociaal werk? ............................................................................................. 8
3.3.4 Waar? ........................................................................................................................ 8
3.3.5 Nieuwe nadrukken .................................................................................................... 8
3.3.6 Geleid door welke principes? .................................................................................... 8
3.3.7 Sociale interventie / tussenkomen / engageren ....................................................... 9
3.3.8 Wat leren we uit de definities? ................................................................................. 9
4. Het DNA van sociaal werk in 5 krachtlijnen. ...................................................................... 9
4.1 Politiserend werken ..................................................................................................... 9
4.2 Nabijheid .................................................................................................................... 10
4.3 Proceslogica ............................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Generalistisch werken ............................................................................................... 10
4.5 Verbindend werken ................................................................................................... 10
1. Inleiding: waarom geschiedenis? ..................................................................................... 10
1.1 Accenten in de geschiedenis ..................................................................................... 11
1.2 Twee blikvelden ......................................................................................................... 11
2. Geschiedenis van het sociaal werk .................................................................................. 11
2.1 De oudheid (750 VC tot 500 NC) ............................................................................... 11
2.2 Oudheid 2: de (laat)romeinse samenleving (300-500 NC) ........................................ 12
2.3 Middeleeuwen (van 500-1500 NC)............................................................................ 12
2.4 De nieuwe tijden: renaissance en verlichting ( van 1500-1800 NC).......................... 12
2.5 Vanaf het midden van de 19e eeuw tot WOII (1850 – 1940/45)............................... 13
1
Axelle De Cleir
, 2.5.1 De sociale kwestie ................................................................................................... 13
2.5.2 Ontstaan van een professie..................................................................................... 14
1. De opbouw van de verzorgingsstaat (1945-1980) ........................................................... 15
1.2 Politieke interventiestructuur. .................................................................................. 15
2. Vier basisinstrumenten van de verzorgingsstaat ............................................................. 16
2.1 De sociale zekerheid .................................................................................................. 16
2.2 De sociale bijstand ..................................................................................................... 17
2.3 Sociale voorzieningen ................................................................................................ 17
2.4 Sociale rechten .......................................................................................................... 18
3. Ideologische fundamenten van de verzorgingsstaat worden: ......................................... 18
3.1 Rechtvaardigheid ....................................................................................................... 18
3.2 Verzekeringsprincipe en solidariteit .......................................................................... 19
3.3 Het mensenrechtenparadigma en sociaal werk ........................................................ 19
4. De ombouw van de verzorgingsstaat 1980/90 – heden naar een actieve welvaartsstaat
20
5. Van de middeleeuwen tot vandaag en… terug? .............................................................. 21
5.1 Gunstkarakter ............................................................................................................ 21
5.2 Verzekeringskarakter ................................................................................................. 21
5.3 Rechtskarakter ........................................................................................................... 22
5.4 Samen…/_ leven onder druk: rechtdenken en activering ......................................... 22
1. Inleiding ............................................................................................................................ 22
2. Professionalisering van het sociaal werk ......................................................................... 23
2.1 Technische professionalisering.................................................................................. 23
2.2 Normatieve professionalisering ................................................................................ 23
3. Spanningsvelden .............................................................................................................. 23
3.1 Spanning individu – samenleving .............................................................................. 23
3.2 Spanning beheersing en emancipatie ............................................................................ 24
3.3 Spanningsvelden hangen samen! .............................................................................. 24
4. Film La Tête haute ............................................................................................................ 25
4.1 Inleiding ..................................................................................................................... 25
4.1.1 Hoe probeert het sociaal werk zich te positioneren op het spanningsveld
disciplineren-emanciperen............................................................................................... 25
4.1.2 Hoe worden de sociale thema’s die aanbod komen door het sociaal werk
aangepakt? ....................................................................................................................... 25
2
Axelle De Cleir
, 4.1.3 Hoe wordt algemeen het sociaal werk gerepresenteerd in deze film. ................. 25
1. Methoden, methodieken en methodisch werken ............................................................... 25
2.Drie basismethodieken ......................................................................................................... 26
2.1 Social case work ......................................................................................................... 26
2.1.1 Ontstaan ................................................................................................................. 26
2.1.2 Basiskenmerken ..................................................................................................... 27
2.1.3 Evolutie ................................................................................................................... 27
2.2 Social group work ........................................................................................................... 27
2.2.1 Ontstaan ................................................................................................................. 27
2.2.2 Basiskenmerken ..................................................................................................... 28
2.2.3 Stromingen en vormen ........................................................................................... 28
2.3 Community work (samenlevingsopbouw) ..................................................................... 28
2.3.1 Ontstaan ................................................................................................................. 28
2.3.2 Basiskenmerken ..................................................................................................... 29
2.3.3 Stromingen en vormen ........................................................................................... 29
3. Tot slot .................................................................................................................................. 30
1. Sociaal werk op de brug tussen mens en samenleving.................................................... 30
2. Sociaal werk als sociaal construct .................................................................................... 30
3. De 3 dimensies van het sociaal werk doorheen deze bachelor ....................................... 31
3.1 Sociaal werk als werkveld .......................................................................................... 31
3.2 Sociaal werk als beroep ............................................................................................. 31
3.2.1 Vraagstuk 1: Beroep of professie? ..................................................................... 31
3.2.2. Vraagstuk 2: Hoe beroep vormgeven? ................................................................. 32
3.3 Sociaal werk als wetenschap ..................................................................................... 32
3.3.1 Eerste discussie: beschrijven of handelen?........................................................ 32
3.3.2. Tweede discussie: Natuurwetenschap of sociale wetenschap? ........................... 33
4. De opbouw van de opleiding............................................................................................ 33
4.1. Een groep ondersteunende wetenschappen. ........................................................... 33
4.2. Sociaal werk als werkveld. ......................................................................................... 33
4.3. Sociaal werk als beroep. ............................................................................................ 33
4.4. Sociaal werk als wetenschap. .................................................................................... 33
1. Sociale interventies .......................................................................................................... 33
2. Proces van probleemdefiniëring .......................................................................................... 34
3
Axelle De Cleir
, 3. Kwadrantenschema van Vranken .................................................................................... 35
3.1. Verklaringen op micro-niveau ................................................................................... 35
3.1.1. Individueel schuldmodel .................................................................................... 36
3.1.2. Individueel ongevalmodel .................................................................................. 36
3.2. Verklaring op meso-niveau ........................................................................................ 36
3.2.1. Institutioneel schuldmodel ................................................................................ 36
3.2.2. Institutioneel ongevalmodel .............................................................................. 37
3.3. Verklaring op macroniveau ....................................................................................... 37
3.3.1. Maatschappelijk schuldmodel............................................................................ 37
3.3.2. Maatschappelijk ongevalmodel ......................................................................... 37
1. Individueel – reformistische benadering ......................................................................... 40
1.1. Verschillende perspectieven ..................................................................................... 40
1.1.1. Psychodynamische perspectieven ..................................................................... 40
1.1.2. Cognitief – behavioristische theorieën .............................................................. 40
1.1.3. Systematische en ecologische perspectieven (jaren 60-70) .............................. 41
2. Reflexief – therapeutische benadering ............................................................................ 41
2.1. Verschillende perspectieven ..................................................................................... 41
2.1.1. Sociale psychologie ............................................................................................ 41
2.1.2. Sociaal constructietheorieën.............................................................................. 41
2.1.3. Humanisme, existentialisme en spiritualisme ................................................... 42
3. Sociaal – collectivistische benadering .............................................................................. 42
3.1. Verschillende perspectieven ..................................................................................... 42
3.1.1. Radicaal sociaal werk ......................................................................................... 42
3.1.2. Kritisch sociaal werk ........................................................................................... 43
3.1.3. Feministische perspectieven .............................................................................. 43
3.1.4. Empowerment en advocacy ............................................................................... 43
1. Vermaatschappelijking ..................................................................................................... 44
1.1. Historische achtergrond ............................................................................................ 44
1.2. Vermaatschappelijking van de zorg: begripsbepaling ............................................... 44
1.3. Vermaatschappelijking van de zorg: doelen ............................................................. 45
1.4. Sociaal-politiek referentiekader ................................................................................ 45
1.5. Uitdagingen................................................................................................................ 46
1.6. Kritieken ..................................................................................................................... 46
4
Axelle De Cleir
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