Complete notes (lectures 1 to 5) of 'Sustainable development' (GEO1-2103) at Utrecht University 2021/2022
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Course
Duurzame Ontwikkeling (GEO12103)
Institution
Universiteit Utrecht (UU)
Complete notes: lectures on 'Sustainable development' (GEO1-2103) at Utrecht University 2021/2022. Everything described in detail and clearly. The slides were used as examples and everything has been extensively supplemented with examples.
Voorzien in huidige behoeften van mensen zonder behoeften van toekomstige generaties te
beperken
- Hangt af van je wereldbeeld
- Kritische reflectie is van belang
- Streven naar ontwikkeling, rekening houdend met:
o Draagkracht van de aarde-> ecologie
o Sociale rechtvaardigheid-> sociologie
o Economische potenties-> economie
- 3 pijlers “triple-p”
o People
o Planet
o Prosperity (profit)
HC 1
Sustainability (ecology)= the potential of an ecosystem to subsist over time
Sustainability (environmental science)= the capacity of the earth’s natural systems and human
cultural systems to survive, flourish and develop, now and in the future
Sustainability science-> probes interactions between global, social, and human systems, the
complex mechanisms that lead to degradation of these systems, and concomitant risks to
human well-being
Environmental science-> is an interdisciplinary study of how humans interact with the living
and nonliving parts of their environment
- To learn how nature works
- To understand how we interact with the environment
- To find ways to deal with environmental problems and to live more sustainably
Sustainable development first mentioned in World Conservation strategy (IUCN, 1980)
Our common future (WCED, 1987, Brundtland report) is better known, received
,Global challenges according to the report:
- Population and human resources
- Food security: sustaining the potential
- Species and ecosystems: resources for development
- Energy: choices for environment and development
- Industry: producing more with less
- The urban challenge
Sustainable development goals since 2015
Milieuwetenschappen doelen
Begrijpen:
- Op welke manier functioneert de natuur
- Beïnvloedt het milieu de mens
Wederzijdse invloed van maatschappij en milieu
Milieu= fysieke, niet-levende en levende omgeving van de maatschappij, waarmee deze in
wederkerige relatie staat
Bestaat uit natuurlijk kapitaal:
- Natuurlijke hulpbronnen (natural resources)
- Ecosysteem services (ecosystem services)
Natuurlijke hulpbronnen
Hulpbron-> alles wat uit het milieu wordt gehaald om aan menselijke behoeften te voldoen
Inexhaustible
- Solar energy
- Wind energy
- Geothermal energy
Renewable
- Tree
- Water
- Topsoil
,Nonrenewable (exhaustible)
- Fossil fuels
o Oil, natural gas, coal
- Iron and copper, minerals
Duurzaam gebruik van natuurlijke hulpbronnen?
- Vernieuwbaar
o Kennis van herstelsnelheid en gebruiksnelheid
- Niet vernieuwbaar
o Vaste hoeveelheid (voorraad)
o Hergebruik, circulaire economie
Ecosystem services= the benefits people obtain from ecosystems
Four kinds of services
- Provisioning-> things that give us resources (food, water, wood, fiber, fuel)
- Regulating-> regulate the climate, disasters, sickness
- Cultural-> aesthetic, spiritual, educational, recreational
- Supporting-> processes that happen within ecosystems that make them function and
endure (nutrient cycling, soil formation, primary production)
Consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being
- Security-> personal safety, secure resources
- Basic material for good life-> adequate livelihoods, nutrition, shelter
- Health-> strength, feeling well
- Good social relations-> social cohesion
- Freedom of choice and action-> can be achieved when others are met
Betekenissen van het milieu
- Security, health
- Basic materials for good life
, - Good social relations
- Intrinsic value
De milieucausaliteitsketen
Maatschappelijke activiteiten-> veroorzaken milieudruk-> heeft effect op het milieu->
veroorzaakt een reactie in de maatschappij-> kan beleid/maatregelen beïnvloeden-> leidt tot
maatschappelijke activiteiten
Gebruik frameworks bij analyses van vraagstukken
Ketenperspectieven zijn nuttig omdat problemen gecompliceerd zijn en complexe systemen
Systeem, veel oorzaken, effecten
Gebruik het triple P model (of anderen) om je te leiden om oplossingen te bedenken
Drivers van problemen
- Toename van populatie (demographics)
- Consumptie (economic processes, consumption, production, markets, trade)
o Media consumptie stijgt
- Human development index
o Life expectancy
o Level of education
o Gross national income / capita (PPP dollars)
Analyse oorzaken
- Population growth
- Unsustainable resource use
- Poverty (divided world)
- Excluding environmental costs from market prices
Sustainable development = development that meets the need of present humans without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
It is a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, the direction of investment, the
orientation of technological development and institutional change are all in harmony and
enhance both current and future potential to meet human needs and aspirations
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