This document is a summary of the lecture notes for heart failure for 1st year medical students. The document lists the causes, symptoms, stages of symptoms, pathophysiology and treatment for heart failure. It is a comprehensive and short compiled version of the lecture notes that help with quick r...
3
·MI
HF REF: reduced ejection fraction common
o
Ischaemic
1 FPEF:preserved ejection fraction o alcohol
N
· anaemia
·
mitral value disease
pericardial effusion
a
DEFINITION
Heart
-
MF
defined as
abnormality of
cardiac structure or
function
OF Failure
deliver
Leading to
failure of the 9 to
PATHO HF REF Or at a rate commensurate with the
requirements of the metabolizing tissues,
despite normal filling pressures.
-secondary myocardial effects:
IV
remodelling
contractility
fibrosis
NOSIROS TAGES OF SYMPTOMS
hypertrophy physiology
electo
apoptosis cytokines CLASS 1: no limitation, ordinary activity, no breathless-
ness, fatigue or
palpitations
> nurohormones:
↑SNS
activity ↑ ANP/BNP CLASS 11: slight limitation of physical activity, comfortable
rest but
↑ RAS a
cytokines
at
physical activity causes breathless -
Mendothelin ness, fatigue or palpitations
> endothelium CLASS 111: marked limitation of PA, fine at rest but
vasoconstruction structural
change less than
ordinary activity causes
symptoms
NosIROs cytokines
CLASS IV:unable carry out PA
to without discomfort,
symptoms may be
present at rest
TREATMENT C
ACE inhibitor -
vampiric
-blocker-bisoprolol
ARD-candesartan
MRA-spironolactons
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