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Chapter 3 practice questions metabolism and toxicology
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1. The severity of a toxicant depends, in large part, on the concentration of thetoxicant at its site of action. Which of the following will decrease the amount of
toxicant reaching its site of action?
- excretion via the kidneys.
2. Toxication (or metabolic activation) is the biotransformation of a toxicant to a
more toxic and reactive species. Which of the following is not a reactive
chemical species commonly formed by toxication?
- hydrophilic organic acids.
3. Which of the following is not an important step in detoxication of chemicals?
- formation of redox-active reactants.
4. Regarding the interaction of the ultimate toxicant with its target molecule,
which of the following is false?
- The noncovalent binding of a toxicant to an ion channel irreversibly inhibits
ion flux through the channel.
5. All of the following are common effects of toxicants on target molecules
EXCEPT:
- opening of ion channels.
6. Which of the following proteins functions to prevent the progression of the cell
cycle?
- IκB.
7. Which of the following would have the largest negative impact on intracellular
ATP levels?
- interference with electron delivery to the electron transport chain.
8. What happens when a toxicant induces elevation of cytoplasmic calcium
levels?
- Mitochondrial uptake of calcium dissipates the electrochemical gradient
needed to synthesize ATP.
9. Cytochrome c is an important molecule in initiating apoptosis in cells. All of
the following regarding cytochrome c are true EXCEPT:
- Caspases are proteases that increase cytoplasmic levels of cytochrome c.
10. All of the following regarding DNA repair are true EXCEPT:
- In nucleotide excision repair, only the adduct is cleaved, and the gap is then
filled by DNA polymerase.
11. Apoptosis can serve as a tissue repair process in a number of cell types. In
which of the following cell types would this be a plausible mechanism of tissue
repair?
- gastrointestinal epithelium.
12. Which of the following is NOT associated with carcinogenesis?
- normal p53 function.
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