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Samenvatting Sustainable development and globalization
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Samenvatting van het gehele boek sustainable development and globalization
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InhoudsopgaveChapter 1: Market economies and governments.................................................2
1.1 Prosperity, Well-being and Environment....................................................2
1.2 Welfare and the Market Economy..............................................................2
1.3 Conceptual Framework for the Free Market:..............................................3
1.4 Limitations of Market Regulation through Supply and Demand.................4
1.5 How the Market Economy Affects Prosperity, Well-Being and Environment
......................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Starting points for good governance:.........................................................6
1.7 Good governance and the Roles of National Authorities............................6
1.8 International influence on Good Governance.............................................8
Chapter 2: Life in Modern Society.......................................................................9
2.1 Nature........................................................................................................ 9
2.2 Ethics....................................................................................................... 11
2.5 Tit-for-Tat.................................................................................................. 12
Chapter 3: Globalization.................................................................................... 13
3.1 increase of globalization..........................................................................13
3.2 stimulating activity in different countries.................................................16
3.3 consequences of globalization.................................................................17
Chapter 4: Environment and Sustainable Development....................................19
4.1 environment............................................................................................. 19
4.2 influencing environmental impacts..........................................................20
4.3 environment and the market economy....................................................22
4.4 environment as government problem......................................................23
, Chapter 1: Market economies and governments
1.1 Prosperity, Well-being and Environment
Sustainable Development: Defined as development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own
needs (Bruntland Report).
1.2 Welfare and the Market Economy
Market economy: The availability of goods whose price is determined by supply
and demand. It is the result of laws, subsidies, grant and the existing political
regime.
Advance: Government ensures basic structure and this lead to increased
prosperity.
Free market: This is a theoretical concept and is contrary to the market economy
whose parameters are determined by the governments themselves.
Capitalism: Max Weber: He declared that capital accumulation was an integral
aspect for the creation of the market economy. In this system the propertied
middle and upper class invested their money in production methods. This led to a
situation where societies were more capable of providing essential goods
resulting in more product being mass produces but requiring less labour.
Feudalism: A system where wealthy landowners maintain power by leasing parts
of their immense lands to others with specific conditions applying. Systems such
as this, are not conductive for capital accumulation. Ophopen van kapitaal.
John Locke & John Lilburne: Liberalism and the market economy: were early
proponents of government’s role in promoting welfare and freedom. It arose in
response to poor governing policies of ruling kings and emperors. Strong
emphasis was placed on the individual’s right to express one’s opinion and the
freedom to do business(liberalism).
Adam Smith: is the founder of the market economy. He believes that the “profit
motive” had a positive effect on everyone. His famous quote alludes to ample
freedom being provided in the creation of laws and rules and should not only be
seen as ways of correcting negative aspects of the human condition. His idea was
everyone have access to produce.
Property rights: Provisions for property rights must be included in effective laws
so that businesses and professionals are not subjected to unfair bias. Vooroordeel
Karl Marx: He was critical of the inhuman work ethic of the new Industrial
Revolution and its effect on the working class poor. He introduced the word
“proletariat” for people with no tangible possessions and pointed out
discrepancies between the “haves” and the “have not”. Marx believed that the
free market was not a guarantee that everyone would be able to earn a decent
wage. He pointed out that within a capitalistic structure, this group (working
class) formed the largest revolutionary opposition.
Planned economy or command economy: This was Karl Marx’ solution to reject
capitalism and citizens democracy and replacing it with a centrally controlled
social economy. It is opposite to the principles of the Market Economy. Production
was determined by the government. Business and the private sector were not
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