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  3. Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
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  5. Arbeids- En Organisatiepsychologie
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  7. Economie En Bedrijfsleven

Summary

Samenvatting economie en bedrijfsleven

4 reviews
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  • Course
  • Economie En Bedrijfsleven
  • Institution
  • Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Ik heb een samenvatting gemaakt van de cursus economie en bedrijfsleven inclusief tekeningen en extra getekende figuren uit de les. Termen waarvan de definitie best gekend is staan in het oranje en namen van belangrijke personen in het groen.

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Document information

  • January 14, 2023
  • 95
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • marktfalen
  • vraag en aanbod
  • allocatieve efficientie
  • marktvormen
  • bankwezen
  • marktfalen overheidsingrijpen

Written for

  • Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
  • Arbeids- En Organisatiepsychologie
  • Economie En Bedrijfsleven
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Inhoudsopgave
1 Hoofdstuk 1: beginselen van de economie................................................................................................... 6

1.1 Introductie........................................................................................................................................................6

1.2 Schaarste en efficiëntie....................................................................................................................................6

1.3 De economische logica.....................................................................................................................................7
1.3.1 Denken zoals een econoom.......................................................................................................................7
1.3.2 Valkuilen.....................................................................................................................................................8

1.4 Economie als sociale wetenschap....................................................................................................................8
1.4.1 Micro- en macro economie........................................................................................................................8
1.4.2 Positieve VS normatieve uitspraken..........................................................................................................9
1.4.3 economische modellen..........................................................................................................................9

1.5 De drie economische vraagstukken...............................................................................................................10

1.6 De productie mogelijkheden..........................................................................................................................10
1.6.1 Inputs en outputs.....................................................................................................................................10
1.6.2 De productiemogelijkheid grens..............................................................................................................11

2 Hoofdstuk 2: de markt - vraag en aanbod.................................................................................................. 13

2.1 introductie......................................................................................................................................................13

2.2 vraag..............................................................................................................................................................13
2.2.1 De vraagcurve: de relatie tussen prijs en kwaliteit..................................................................................13
2.2.2 Verschuiving van de vraagcurve..............................................................................................................14
2.2.3 Verschuiving van de vraag versus een beweging langs de curve............................................................15

2.3 aanbod...........................................................................................................................................................15
2.3.1 De aanbodscurve: de relatie tussen prijs en aangeboden hoeveelheid..................................................15
2.3.2 Verschuivingen op de aanbodscurve.......................................................................................................16
2.3.3 Factoren die de aanbodscurve doen verschuiven...................................................................................16

2.4 Vraag en aanbod samen................................................................................................................................17
2.4.1 Evenwicht.................................................................................................................................................17
2.4.2 Een verandering in evenwicht (vraag en aanbod)...................................................................................19

2.5 Toepassing.....................................................................................................................................................20

3 Hoofdstuk 3: elasticiteit............................................................................................................................ 22

3.1 introductie......................................................................................................................................................22

3.2 De prijselasticiteit van de vraag en zijn determinanten................................................................................22
3.2.1 De prijselasticiteit van de vraag en zijn determinanten..........................................................................22
3.2.2 Berekenen van de prijselasticiteit van de vraag......................................................................................23

3.3 De inkomstenselasticiteit en kruispriijselasticiteit.........................................................................................24
3.3.1 De inkomenselasticiteit van de vraag......................................................................................................24
3.3.2 De kruisprijselasticiteit van de vraag.......................................................................................................25

3.4 De prijselasticiteit van het aanbod................................................................................................................25
3.4.1 De prijselasticiteit van het aanbod en zijn determinanten.....................................................................25


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, 3.4.2 Berekenen van de prijselasticiteit van het aanbod.................................................................................26
3.4.3 De verschillende waarden van de prijselasticiteit van het aanbod.........................................................26

3.5 Toepassing.....................................................................................................................................................27
3.5.1 Toepassing 1............................................................................................................................................27
3.5.2 Toepassing 2............................................................................................................................................27
3.5.3 Toepassing 3............................................................................................................................................28
3.5.4 Toepassing 4............................................................................................................................................28
3.5.5 Toepassing dit jaar (2)..............................................................................................................................28
3.5.6 Toepassing dit jaar (6)..............................................................................................................................28
3.5.7 Statistieken (niet vanbuiten)....................................................................................................................28

4 Hoofdstuk 4: toepassing van vraag en aanbod: allocatieve effeciëntie.......................................................30

4.1 inleiding..........................................................................................................................................................30

4.2 markten en welvaart......................................................................................................................................30
4.2.1 Consumentensurplus...............................................................................................................................30
4.2.2 Producentensurplus.................................................................................................................................31
4.2.3 Totale surplus...........................................................................................................................................31
4.2.4 Welvaartsverlies (Deadweight loss).........................................................................................................31
4.2.5 Kritische opmerkingen over de welvaart van de economie....................................................................32

4.3 Markten en overheidstussenkomst: prijscontrole.........................................................................................32
4.3.1 Een minimumprijs zetten.........................................................................................................................32
4.3.2 Een maximumprijs zetten: prijscontrole..................................................................................................33
4.3.3 Het effect van prijscontrole op allocatieve efficiëntie.............................................................................33

5 Hoofdstuk 5: kosten en opbrengsten van de onderneming........................................................................34

5.1 Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................34
5.1.1 Betekenis kosten en winst.......................................................................................................................34
5.1.2 Korte termijn en lange termijn................................................................................................................34

5.2 Productie en kosten op korte termijn............................................................................................................35
5.2.1 De productiefunctie en de wet van afnemende meeropbrengsten........................................................35
5.2.2 Kosten en outputs....................................................................................................................................36
5.2.3 Productiecurves en kostcurves................................................................................................................38

5.3 Productie en kosten op lange termijn............................................................................................................38
5.3.1 Schaalopbrengsten..................................................................................................................................38
5.3.2 Lange termijn productiefunctie...............................................................................................................39
5.3.3 Productiekost lange termijn....................................................................................................................40

5.4 Opbrengsten..................................................................................................................................................40
5.4.1 Totale, gemiddelde en marginale opbrengsten......................................................................................40
5.4.2 Opbrengsten en output...........................................................................................................................41
5.4.3 Opbrengsten en prijszetters....................................................................................................................42

5.5 Winst maximalisatie......................................................................................................................................43
5.5.1 Prijsnemer................................................................................................................................................43
5.5.2 Prijszetter.................................................................................................................................................44

5.6 Verliesminimalisatie.......................................................................................................................................45

6 Hoofdstuk 6: marktvormen....................................................................................................................... 46


2

, 6.1 Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................46

6.2 Marktvormen/ marktstructuren....................................................................................................................46
6.2.1 Volmaakte concurrentie..........................................................................................................................46
6.2.2 Monopolie................................................................................................................................................48
6.2.3 Monopolistische concurrentie.................................................................................................................50
6.2.4 Oligopolie.................................................................................................................................................52

6.3 Prijsdiscriminatie............................................................................................................................................53
6.3.1 Voorwaarden...........................................................................................................................................54
6.3.2 Voorbeelden............................................................................................................................................54
6.3.3 Voor – en nadelen van prijsdiscriminatie................................................................................................54

6.4 Toepassingen.................................................................................................................................................54
6.4.1 Toepassing 1............................................................................................................................................55
6.4.2 Toepassing 2............................................................................................................................................55

7 Hoofdstuk 7: marktfalen en overheidsingrijpen......................................................................................... 57

7.1 Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................57

7.2 Hoofddoelen van overheidsingrijpen.............................................................................................................57
7.2.1 Billijkheid..................................................................................................................................................57
7.2.2 Sociale efficiëntie.....................................................................................................................................57

7.3 Marktfalen.....................................................................................................................................................57
7.3.1 Monopoliemacht en overheidsingrijpen.................................................................................................57
7.3.2 Externaliteiten..........................................................................................................................................58
7.3.3 Publieke goederen...................................................................................................................................60
7.3.4 Common resources (gemeenschappelijke bronnen)...............................................................................60
7.3.5 (De) – Merit goods (verdienste en verschuldigde goederen)..................................................................61

7.4 Cases marktfalen...........................................................................................................................................61
7.4.1 Casus 1: EU carbon Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)..............................................................................61
7.4.2 Casus 2: The healthcare system...............................................................................................................62
7.4.3 Toepassingen...........................................................................................................................................62
7.4.4 Oplossing..................................................................................................................................................62

8 Hoofdstuk 8: meten van economische activiteit (vanaf hier macro economie)...........................................64

8.1 Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................64

8.2 De economische kringloop van productie, bestedingen en inkomen............................................................64

8.3 De economische kringloop van inkomen: lekken en injecties........................................................................64
8.3.1 De verschillende actoren en hun uitgaven..............................................................................................64
8.3.2 Lekken en injecties door de verschillende sectoren heen.......................................................................65

8.4 Meten van bruto binnenlands........................................................................................................................65

8.5 De drie benadering van BBP..........................................................................................................................66
8.5.1 De bestedingsbenadering........................................................................................................................66
8.5.2 Productiebenadering...............................................................................................................................67
8.5.3 De inkomensbenadering..........................................................................................................................68
8.5.4 samenvatting............................................................................................................................................68

8.6 Andere maatstaven.......................................................................................................................................69


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, 8.6.1 Nationale rekeningen...............................................................................................................................69
8.6.2 Drie andere handige maatstaven............................................................................................................69
8.6.3 Nominaal versus reëel BBP......................................................................................................................70

8.7 Beperkingen van BBP als maatstaf voor welzijn............................................................................................71

9 Hoofdstuk 9: macro economische indicatoren en beleidsinstrumenten......................................................72

9.1 Inleiding.........................................................................................................................................................72

9.2 Macro-economische indicatoren...................................................................................................................72
9.2.1 Economische groei...................................................................................................................................72
9.2.2 Werkloosheid...........................................................................................................................................73
9.2.3 Inflatie......................................................................................................................................................74
9.2.4 Betalingsbalans........................................................................................................................................76

9.3 Instrumenten van macro-economisch beleid.................................................................................................76
9.3.1 Vraagbeleid..............................................................................................................................................77
9.3.2 Aanbodbeleid...........................................................................................................................................78

9.4 Macro- economische denkrichtingen.............................................................................................................79
9.4.1 Klassieke Theorie 18e – 19e eeuw............................................................................................................79
9.4.2 Keynesiaanse Theorie..............................................................................................................................79
9.4.3 Monetaristische Theorie..........................................................................................................................79
9.4.4 Verschillen................................................................................................................................................79

10 Hoofdstuk 10: BANKWEZEN, geld en rentevoeten....................................................................................81

10.1 Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................81

10.2 Betekenis van geld.......................................................................................................................................81
10.2.1 Geld en zijn functies...............................................................................................................................81
10.2.2 Soorten geld...........................................................................................................................................81

10.3 Monetair systeem........................................................................................................................................82
10.3.1 Banken en geldaanbod..........................................................................................................................82
10.3.2 Geldmultiplicator...................................................................................................................................82
10.3.3 Andere elementen die geldaanbod beïnvloeden..................................................................................83
10.3.4 De Centrale Bank...................................................................................................................................84

10.4 Geldmarkt....................................................................................................................................................85
10.4.1 De geldmarkt: vraag en aanbod van geld..............................................................................................85
10.4.2 Evenwicht...............................................................................................................................................86

10.5 Invloed van de rentevoet op het reëel BBP..................................................................................................87

11 Hoofdstuk 11: Geaggregeerde vraag en geaggregeerd aanbod.................................................................88

11.1 Inleiding.......................................................................................................................................................88

11.2 Geaggregeerde vraag..................................................................................................................................88
11.2.1 De geaggregeerde vraagcurve...............................................................................................................88

11.3 Geaggregeerd aanbod.................................................................................................................................88
11.3.1 De geaggregeerde aanbodcurve............................................................................................................89
11.3.2 Verschuivingen van de aanbodcurve.....................................................................................................89

11.4 Macro-economisch evenwicht.....................................................................................................................90


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