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All notes from the course lectures Youth culture in a digital world
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Hoorcolleges Youth culture in a digital worldHoorcollege 1
Digital media = binary and a way to spread information
‘’Digital media has disrupted/enriched traditional communication’’ – Ken
Auletta
Social presence theory Social information Channel
processing theory expansion
Sense of being together Communicators interpersonal theory
lower in digital media needs prompts them to try
their best Users with
experience
will strive
to develop
necessary
skills
Disrupted Enriched
How you use it:
Replacement = media is a replacement for our traditional
communication, we will try to use the most efficient way
Media multitasking = we are not replacing traditional
communicating, it will keep exist, but we combine them. We watch
television and at the same time we have a conversation. Most
research indicated it has negative consequences lower rates and
lower social connections
Why you use it:
Uses & gratification theory: ‘’What purposes or functions does media offer
for active receivers?’’. We are active receivers.
- a Mass Communication theory that focuses on the needs,
motives and gratifications of media users. The theory states
that media consumers are passive consumers of mass
communications; rather, they play an active role in media
consumption.
Lasswell (1948)
Surveillance of the environment (after War 2 – knowing which
decisions are taken – having control – objective)
Correlation of different aspects of that environment (people
turn to the media to help them develop an opinion – subjective)
Transmission of social heritage (we turn to the media because
we want to learn what is socialy acceptable and what is not – what
are the social norms?)
, Een cadeau van ons, voor jouEntertainment (people were
looking for fun things to do after the war)
One size does not fit all
Information - twitter
Social – instagram or snapchat
Entertainment – instagram or youtube
Convenience/ pass the time
Difference is now we distinguish between media platforms
Who is using it?
Digital puberty – starts around 11/12 years old – same period as
biological puberty
Youth and adolescence
‘’storm and stress’’
Three types of developments
Sexual development related with biological development
Identity development – never finished
Social development – new social groups, network completely
changes
Youth development
Developmental tasks approach
Developmental tasks/challenges need to be fulfilled
Basic idea:
Hierarchic list of tasks, met through biological or social development
Main focus on age of the child and how it responds to social media
cumulative
Applications:
Eriksons development theory
Havighurst developmental theory
Media effect example
Effects depend on the age of the child
Scary media content and trauma
Perceptual stage (2-7) – looking scary (witch)
Conceptual stage (7+) – being real (scared of watching the news)
Parents and celebrities
Parents are examples (<12)
Influencers are examples (+12)
Risk and resilience approach
Differential life experiences among children – looks at the environment
Basic idea:
Risk and protective factors explain differences between children
cumulative risk model
Applications
Snowball effect, turn around model
,Bronnfenbrenner model
Perspective from different disciplines
Microlevels – immediatie inpact of:
Family
Peers
Classroom
Exolevels
School
Community
Massmedia
Macrolevels
Society
Culture
Nationality
Interconnected, but not identical
Digital world between identity, physical and social world
identity
digital
physical social
Anonimity
Different, more extreme forms of behavior (bullying)
Creativity
Playing around, discovering who you are
Example identity development
Personal – who you are based on personality characteristics
Social – groups you belong to
Gender
Ethnic
An identity is, at least in part, an explicit theory of oneself as a person’’
Should be constructured during adolescence through exploration
online and offline
, Hoorcollege 2
Most general meaning of media effects:
‘’Social or psychological responses occurring in individuals, dyads, small
groups, organizations or communities as a result of exposure to or
processing of or otherwise acting on media messages.’’
History of media-effects
1. War Spain-Us (1898)
Newspaper publisher
William Randolph Hearst
Letter was discovered which sad that the president of US was a
weak president the press published this people believed
this first time that the effect of the newspaper on people was
clear
2. Propaganda WO I (1917)
People knew media was effective
Propaganda was used as media
George Creel
3. Movies as entertainment (1920)
Very popular to pass time
What about effects on children? Mothers noticed children
behaved differently after watching movie
People were looking for nice things to do (after wartime)
4. Payne fund studies
Edgar Dale
First project to studie mediaeffect effects movies on children
>75% of content: crime, love and sex
5. The invasion from mars (1930)
War of the worlds: narrative fictive story by Wells
Large public fear
Analysis by Princeton University study about media effect and
voting on presidents large and intense MASS media-effects
magic bullet effects
6. The people’s choice study
President elections: Wilkie and Roosevelt (1940)
Research by Columbia University
Longitudinal panel study (= panel of people = good study) with
large control groups
They did not found significants effects
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