NREMT EXAM PEDIATRICS LATEST 2023

NREMT EXAM PEDIATRICS LATEST 2023 age range for neonates birth to 4 weeks age range for infants 4 weeks to 1 year age range for toddlers 1-3 years age range for preschoolers 3-6 years age range for "school age" kids 6-12 years age range for adolescents 13-18 years emotional considerations for assessing toddlers and preschoolers when assessing toddlers and preschoolers keep in mind they will have fear of separation from parents and may be very suspicious of strangers. they may rebel at being touched or examined by stranger and will be fearful of masks and needles. its best to have a parent present during assessment, school-age and adolescent children will this group will be more social and open to the EMT intervention since they have social training and exposure in school older adolescents may want to be assess in private due to private assessment may be because they might want to keep issues and sexual activity and substance abuse hidden from parents physical difference in neonates and infants larger tongues and smaller tracheas. the epiglottis is located much high in the airway. they cant support their own neck and heads so EMT must provide manual support physical differences in younger children larger heads which may present with different types of trauma differences in vital signs in pediatric population faster heart rates and respiration and lower average blood pressure assessment of a pediatric patient physical exam begins at the feet and works upward towards the head with special considerations of the epiglottis and the presence of croup signs of severe respiratory distress in pediatric population respiratory rate is outside of normal pediatric ranges, presence of cyanosis, respiratory distress with poor muscle tone as well as respiratory failure where to check a pulse in a pediatric patient palpate the brachial artery in the upper arm what does an EMT use to suction neonates and infants the EMT should use a bulb syringe, NOT regular hard suction how to keep a pediatric patient's head in the neutral position place a towel or blanket under the shoulders when resuscitating a peds patient, the EMT must recognize the EMT must recognize that respiratory rate is faster and volume is less with dependency on the patients age and size common causes of AMS in peds population seizures, hypoglycemia, poisoning, trauma, hypoxia, and shock treatment of AMS in peds population secure airway, administer O2, and transport to hospital shock in peds is brought on by what shock is brought on by dehydration that is secondary to a variety of illnesses low blood pressure is bad with respect to peds trauma because low BP is a LATE sign of shock and requires more aggressive resuscitation efforts indicators of shock in infants and toddlers decreased urine output and dry crying treatment of trauma in peds population rapid transport with peds trauma assessment and anti-shock measures taken according to the local protocols, including a possible ALS intercept what does the acronym SIDS stand for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome what is SIDS when an infant dies in their crib with no know cause of death found in the autopsy what measure should the EMT take when responding to a possible SIDS call the EMT should complete resuscitative efforts even if there is no biological signs of life present why might a secondary rescue unit be indicated in a SIDS call the parents will be emotional and hysterical, possibly causing a stress reaction that could make the parents sick since the head is proportionally larger, trauma in peds is dangerous because there is a higher risk of the child receiving head trauma (i.e. car accidents) are organ injuries more common in peds trauma cases? yes because peds patients generally have softer bones which tend not to break with trauma but reduces the protection of the internal organs where should the trauma assessment of a peds patient begin the trauma assessment should begin at the feel and reassure the peds patient all along the way, if they are conscious abuse improper or excessive action has caused harm or injury to someone neglect insufficient attention or respect to someone with a claim to that attention why must the EMT report suspected abuse or neglect the EMT must report abuse or neglect bc it is the law and failure to do so may result in the EMT being charges with a crime signs and symptoms of abuse unexplained bruises, injuries inconsistent with explanation, conflicting story of cause of injury, fresh burns, fear on face of child, and lack of concern on part of parent during call signs and symptoms of neglect EMS response to house with no parent present, malnourishment, appearance of unsafe living conditions, or untreated chronic illness signs and symptoms of shaken baby syndrome infant that presents with CNS deficiencies vitals of infant at birth 40-60 breath/min , 140-160 bpm , 70 systolic BP , 98-100 degrees temp vitals of neonate infant 30-40 breath/min , 100-160 bpm , 70-90 systolic BP , 98-100 degrees temp vitals of infant at 1 year 20-30 breath/min , 100-120 bpm , 90 systolic BP , 98-100 degrees temp vitals of toddler 20-30 breath/min , 80-130 bpm , 70-100 systolic BP , 98.6-99.6 degrees temp vitals of preschoolers 20-30 breath/min , 80-120 bpm , 80-110 systolic BP , 98.6-99.6 degrees temp vitals of school age children 20-30 breath/min , 70-110 bpm , 80-120 systolic BP , 98.6 degrees temp vitals of adolescents 12-20 breath/min , 55-105 bpm , 100-120 systolic BP , 98.6 degrees temp