Samenvatting inleiding tot het recht. 1ste jaar bachelor sociaal werk te Artevelde.
Deel 1: Wat is recht?
- Kenmerken en definitie van recht
- Soorten subjectieve rechten
- Deelgebieden van het recht
- Bronnen van het recht
Deel 2: De Belgische staatsstructuur
- Kenmerken van de Belgisch...
INHOUDSTAFEL RECHT VERKENNEN JANUARI 2023
1.Kenmerken en definitie van recht..........................................................................................................................6
1.1 Kenmerken van recht......................................................................................................................................6
1.1.1 Het recht heeft als doel de samenleving te ordenen...............................................................................6
1.1.2 Het recht wordt opgelegd door de samenleving.....................................................................................6
1.1.3 De naleving van het recht kan worden afgedwongen.............................................................................6
1.2 Soorten regels.................................................................................................................................................7
1.3 Definitie van het recht.....................................................................................................................................7
1.4 Objectief recht versus subjectieve rechten.....................................................................................................7
1.5 Rechtssubject versus rechtsobject..................................................................................................................8
1.6 Rechtsmisbruik................................................................................................................................................8
2. Soorten subjectieve rechten.................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Politieke rechten.............................................................................................................................................9
2.2 Burgerlijke rechten..........................................................................................................................................9
2.3 Schematisch.....................................................................................................................................................9
3. Deelgebieden van het recht................................................................................................................................10
3.1 Nationaal recht..............................................................................................................................................10
3.1.1 Nationaal privaatrecht...........................................................................................................................10
3.1.2 Nationaal publiek recht..........................................................................................................................12
3.2 Grensoverschrijdend recht............................................................................................................................13
3.2.1 Internationaal privaatrecht....................................................................................................................13
3.2.2 Internationaal publiek recht of volkenrecht..........................................................................................13
3.2.3 Europees recht.......................................................................................................................................13
4. Bronnen van het recht.........................................................................................................................................15
4.1 Internationale rechtsbronnen.......................................................................................................................15
4.2 Belgische wetgeving......................................................................................................................................15
4.2.1 Hiërarchie binnend de wetgeving..........................................................................................................15
4.2.2 Publicatie van de wetgeving...................................................................................................................17
4.2.3 Interpreatie van de wetgeving...............................................................................................................17
4.3 Overige rechtsbronnen.................................................................................................................................18
4.3.1 Gewoonterecht......................................................................................................................................18
4.3.2 Rechtspraak............................................................................................................................................18
4.3.3 Algemene rechtsbeginselen...................................................................................................................18
1. Kenmerken van de Belgische staat.....................................................................................................................20
1.1 Rechtsstaat....................................................................................................................................................20
1.2 Democratie....................................................................................................................................................20
Pagina 1 van 92
, 1.3 Scheiding der machten..................................................................................................................................20
1.4 Eenheidsstaat en federalisering....................................................................................................................21
1.5 Monarchie.....................................................................................................................................................21
2. Politieke instellingen in federaal België..............................................................................................................23
2.1 De federale overheid.....................................................................................................................................23
2.1.1 De federale wetgevende macht: parlement en Koning.........................................................................23
2.1.2 De federale uitvoerende macht: Koning en regering.............................................................................25
2.1.3 De federale wetgevende en uitvoerende macht: overzicht..................................................................26
2.2 Gemeenschappen en gewesten....................................................................................................................27
2.2.1 Structuren...............................................................................................................................................27
2.2.2 Vlaamse instellingen..............................................................................................................................28
2.3 Provincies......................................................................................................................................................29
2.4 Gemeenten....................................................................................................................................................30
2.4.1 Gemeenteraad.......................................................................................................................................30
2.4.2 College van burgemeester en schepenen..............................................................................................30
2.4.3 Burgemeester.........................................................................................................................................31
3. Controlerende instellingen..................................................................................................................................32
3.1 Raad van State...............................................................................................................................................32
3.2 Grondwettelijk Hof........................................................................................................................................33
1. De kenmerken van justitie..................................................................................................................................34
1.1 Justitie als bewaker van de rechtstaat..........................................................................................................34
1.1.1 Toegang tot de rechter...........................................................................................................................34
1.1.2 Recht van verdediging............................................................................................................................34
1.1.3 Onafhankelijke en onpartijdige rechter.................................................................................................35
1.1.4 Openbaarheid van de rechtspraak.........................................................................................................35
1.2 De actoren van Justitie..................................................................................................................................35
1.2.1 Rechter...................................................................................................................................................35
1.2.2 Griffier....................................................................................................................................................35
1.2.3 Openbaar ministerie..............................................................................................................................36
1.2.4 Advocaat.................................................................................................................................................36
1.2.5 Gerechtsdeurwaarder............................................................................................................................36
1.2.6 Gerechtsdeskundige...............................................................................................................................37
1.3 Organisatie van Justitie.................................................................................................................................37
1.3.1 Piramidestructuur..................................................................................................................................37
1.3.2 Specialisatie............................................................................................................................................37
1.3.3 Bevoegdheid...........................................................................................................................................38
2. De gewone hoven en rechtbanken.....................................................................................................................39
Pagina 2 van 92
, 2.1 Vrederechter.................................................................................................................................................39
2.2 Politierechtbank............................................................................................................................................39
2.3 Rechtbank van eerste aanleg........................................................................................................................40
2.3.1 Burgerlijke rechtbank.............................................................................................................................40
2.3.2 Jeugd- en familierechtbank....................................................................................................................40
2.3.3 Correctionele rechtbank........................................................................................................................41
2.3.4 Overige bijzondere kamers binnen de rechtbank van eerste aanleg....................................................41
2.4 Ondernemingsrechtbank..............................................................................................................................42
2.5 Arbeidsrechtbank..........................................................................................................................................42
2.6 Hof van assisen..............................................................................................................................................42
2.7 Hof van beroep..............................................................................................................................................43
2.8 Arbeidshof.....................................................................................................................................................43
2.9 Hof van Cassatie............................................................................................................................................43
3. Administratieve en tuchtrechtelijke rechtscolleges............................................................................................45
3.1 Administratieve rechtscolleges.....................................................................................................................45
4. Burgerlijke procedurE..........................................................................................................................................46
4.1 Alternatieve geschillenbeslechting...............................................................................................................46
4.1.1 Arbitrage.................................................................................................................................................46
4.1.2 Bemiddeling............................................................................................................................................46
4.1.3 Verzoening..............................................................................................................................................47
4.2 Het verloop van een burgerlijke procedure..................................................................................................47
4.2.1 Dagvaarding............................................................................................................................................48
4.2.2 Inleiding zitting.......................................................................................................................................48
4.2.3 Conclusies...............................................................................................................................................48
4.2.3 Pleidooien...............................................................................................................................................49
4.2.5 Vonnis.....................................................................................................................................................49
4.3 Uitvoering van een vonnis.............................................................................................................................49
4.4 Beslissingen aanvechten via rechtsmiddelen................................................................................................50
4.4.1 Verzet.....................................................................................................................................................51
4.4.2 Hoger beroep.........................................................................................................................................51
4.4.3 Cassatie...................................................................................................................................................51
5. De strafprocedure...............................................................................................................................................53
5.1 Rol van het Openbaar Ministerie..................................................................................................................53
5.2 Onderzoek.....................................................................................................................................................53
5.2.1 Opsporingsonderzoek en gerechtelijk onderzoek.................................................................................53
5.2.2 Verhoor...................................................................................................................................................54
5.3 Berechting.....................................................................................................................................................54
Pagina 3 van 92
, 5.4 Strafuitvoering...............................................................................................................................................55
5.5 Samenloop van strafvordering en burgerlijke vordering..............................................................................55
1. Rechtshandelingen..............................................................................................................................................56
1.1 Rechtshandelingen en rechtsfeit...................................................................................................................56
1.1.1 Indeling van rechtshandelingen naar de auteur ervan..........................................................................56
1.1.2 Indeling van rechtshandelingen naar hun rechtsgevolgen....................................................................57
1.1.3 Indeling van rechtshandelingen naar de vormvereisten.......................................................................57
1.1.4 Indeling van rechtshandelingen naar hun invloed op het vermogen....................................................57
1.2 Geldigheid van rechtshandelingen................................................................................................................57
1.3 Nietigheid van rechtshandelingen................................................................................................................60
2. Personen..............................................................................................................................................................61
2.1 Natuurlijke personen.....................................................................................................................................61
2.1.1 Staat........................................................................................................................................................61
2.1.2 Bestaan van personen............................................................................................................................61
2.1.3 Bekwaamheid.........................................................................................................................................61
2.1.4 Beschermingsstatuten voor handelingsonbekwamen...........................................................................62
2.1.5 Bijzondere rechtsonbekwaamheden.....................................................................................................66
2.1.6 Naam......................................................................................................................................................66
2.1.7 Woonplaats............................................................................................................................................67
2.1.8 Nationaliteit (niet kennen).....................................................................................................................68
2.1.9 Burgerlijke stand....................................................................................................................................69
2.1.10 Bescherming van de persoonlijke levenssfeer.....................................................................................69
2.2 Rechtspersonen.............................................................................................................................................70
2.2.1 Soorten rechtspersonen.........................................................................................................................70
2.2.2 Gevolgen van de rechtspersoonlijkheid.................................................................................................72
2.2.3 Einde van de rechtspersoon...................................................................................................................72
4. Verbintenissen.....................................................................................................................................................73
4.1 SOorten verbintenissen.................................................................................................................................73
4.1.1 Voorwaardelijke verbintenissen............................................................................................................73
4.1.2 Verbintenissen met tijdsbepaling..........................................................................................................73
4.1.3 Persoonsgebonden en prestatiegebonden verbintenissen...................................................................74
4.1.4 Splitsbare verbintenissen.......................................................................................................................74
4.1.5 Hoofdelijke verbintenissen....................................................................................................................74
4.1.6 Resultaats- en inspanningsverbintenissen.............................................................................................74
4.2 Bronnen van verbintenissen.........................................................................................................................75
4.2.1 Publiekrechtelijke rechtshandeling........................................................................................................75
4.2.2 Rechtsfeiten...........................................................................................................................................75
Pagina 4 van 92
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