Summary
Samenvatting organische chemie
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Oplijsting organische chemie
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HALO-ALKANEN• R-X
• Matig oplosbaar in water
• Hoger kookpunt
• Dipool-dipoolinteracties tussen moleculen mogelijk
• Nucleofiele substitutie van halogeen X in haloalkaan
ALCOHOLEN
• R-OH
• -ol
• Positie-isomerie (kan in combi met ketenisomerie)
• Hogere kookpunten → H-bruggen
o Hoger bij veel C-atomen → sterkere polariseerbaarheid → sterkere dispersiekrachten
• H-bruggen tussen alcohol (weinig C-atomen) en water → goede oplosbaar in water
• Reactie: alcohol als zuur ➔ alkoxide-ion gevormd
• Nucleofiele substitutie van OH-groep
o OH eerst omgezet in H2O door protonering door sterk zuur → H2O afgesplitst
• Alcohol treedt op als nucleofiele reagens → ether gevormd
THIOLEN
• R-SH
• -thiol
• Dipool-dipoolkrachten
ETHERS
• R1-O-R2
• Zwak polair
• Niet als protondonor optreden bij H-brugvorming
• Lager kookpunt dan alcohol
• Lossen slechter op in water dan alcohol
SULFIDEN
• R1-S-R2
AMINES
• Stikstofbevattende organische verbindingen
• Primair amine: R-NH2
• Secundair amine: R2-NH
• Tertiair amine: R3-N
• alkyl-amine / amino-alkaan
• structuurisomerie
• sterk polair
• goed oplosbaar in water →H-bruggen
• relatief hoge kookpunten → lager dan alcohol
o primaire amines hoogst
• amines zijn zwakke basen
• amines zijn nucleofielen →nucleofiele substitutie
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