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eyewitness testimony – the cognitive interview notes AQA
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eyewitness testimony – the cognitive interview notes as part of memory in paper one of psychology, including evaluation
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Eyewitness testimony : thecognitive interview
The CCI)
cognitive interview
Based on
psychological understanding of memory
Fisher and Geiselman ( 1992) claimed that EWT could be improved if the police use techniques
based on
psychological insights into how memory works .
They called it the
cognitive interview to inaicate its
foundation in
cognitive psychology .
Rapport C. understanding) is established iuith interviews
using 4 main techniques .
1. Report everything
witnesses are
encouraged to include every detail
of an event , even
if it seems irrelevant or the
witness isn't
confident about it .
Seemingly trivial details could be important and may trigger other memories .
2. Reinstate the context
'
the in there mina
'
witness crime scene and environment +
returns to the
original imagines the
their emotions .
This based on the concept of to recall
is context dependant forgetting
-
3. Reverse the order
Events are recalled in a
different order
This their the event
prevents people basing there descriptions on
expectations of how must have
happened rather than the actual event
It also prevents dishonesty
4.
Change perspective
witnesses recall the incident other
from peoples perspectative
.
This
prevents the influence of expectations and schema on recall .
plus the enhanced
cognitive interview CCI)
Fisher et al ( 19877 developed additional elements of the C1 .
This marches a
focus
on the social
dynamic of the interaction leg :
eye contact
this enhances CI also includes ideas such as reducing EW anxiety , minimising distractions .
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