Exam (elaborations)
ICH4801 Exam Memo Jan/Feb-2022
- Course
- Institution
The document contains question, answers and guidelines on how to answer Question paper for the exam.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
LearnerGuides
Reviews received
Content preview
January/February 2022ICH4801
TAKE-HOME EXAMINATION
INTERNATIONAL, COMPARATIVE AND HISTORY OF EDUCATION
100 marks
Duration: 4 hours
Question 1 [5]
Give your personal critique on what is meant by the “Global North and Global South”.
The concept of Global North and Global South is used to describe a grouping of countries
along socio-economic and political characteristics. The Global South is a term often used to
identify lower-income countries on one side of the so-called global North–South divide, the
other side being the countries of the Global North. As such the term does not inherently refer
to a geographical south; for example, most of the Global South is actually within the North ern
Hemisphere. The term Global North is often used interchangeably with developed countries and
the term Global South is often used interchangeably with developing countries. The separation
between the two lays in the different socio-economic and political standings of the nations within
them.
The Global North is composed of the primary, developed leaders, such as the United States,
Australia, and European Union. The North controls four-fifths of the income earned anywhere in
the world. 90% of the world’s industries and manufacturing are owned and located in the North.
Global South have been subjected to European imperialism in one form or another and
dominated by foreign histories. The Global South countries are characterized by systemic
oppression, discrimination, capitalism and colonialism. The Global South does not only refer to
geographical location; it also refers to the pain caused by capitalism and colonialism at different
levels. In the Global South, the majority of people were silenced, marginalized and unemployed
and were victims of sexism and racism because of colonialism.
The global north is composed of most first and second world countries while the global south is
composed of third world and developing countries. The global north is defined as the rich and
developed region while the global south is poorer and less developed. South countries have
suffered many economic crises while north countries don’t have many serious economic
problems.
Question 2 [15]
Critically review the state of research in the Global South and suggest what should be done to
address the poor scholarly output in the field of the History of Education.
The research conducted in Global South Universities indicates that African universities are often
reported to have limited funding to pay for subscription fees to international journals. This then
prevents their researchers from gaining access to their international disciplinary journals, further
limiting their abilities to remain up-to-date with and draw from current thinking in their fields.
I want to briefly reflect on the potential ways those of us in the academy (e.g., researchers,
journals editors, and reviewers) value a research study because of the context in which it is
situated. Specifically, I want to reflect on two possibilities: first, that editors and reviewers of
international journals demand that findings from studies situated in the Global South and being
done by Southern researchers must have greater global generalize ability than findings coming
from studies situated in the Global North; and second, that Southern researchers doing research
in particular geographic locations in the Global South struggle more than their Northern
counterparts to have their research questions and findings deemed important enough to
, contribute to the conversations taking place in their international research communities. These
are two ideas I will explore in the next sections using examples from my experiences as a
researcher situated in my particular research context.
Question 3 [10]
Explain how you would incorporate at least FIVE (5) of the historical ‘hidden truths’ mentioned in
the text as part of the Intermediate or Senior Phase History Curriculum.
1. The first people to engage in mining minerals were Africans 43 000 years ago. Around 300
000 mining-related artefacts have been recovered including thousands of mining tools made
of stone.
The oldest-known mine on archaeological record is the Ngwenya Mine in Eswatini
(Swaziland), which radiocarbon dating shows to be about 43,000 years old. At this site
Paleolithic humans mined hematite to make the red pigment ochre.
The earliest known mine for a specific mineral is coal from southern Africa, appearing worked
40,000 to 20,000 years ago, this time mining did not become a significant industry until more
advanced civilizations developed 10,000 to 7,000 years ago, the only metals available were
those found in a metallic state in nature. The most abundant was copper. But, gold, silver,
and mercury were also found and prized. The application of fire to mined materials became a
technological breakthrough and proved to be one of the critical advancements of civilization.
In fact, excavated elements transformed themselves by the application of heat. As a result,
pottery hardened to last more than a season. Especially relevant, metals could be melted and
formed into objects.
2. Africans pioneered basic arithmetic 25 000 years ago. The Ishango bone, the handle of a tool
which has regular notches carved into it, was used for calculation and was found in the
Ishango region of Zaïre (now called Congo) near Lake Edward.
Most histories of mathematics devote only a few pages to Ancient Egypt and to northern
Africa during the middle Ages.
They ignore the history of mathematics in Africa south of the Sahara and give the impression
that this history either did not exist or, at least, is not knowable, traceable, or, stronger still,
that there was no mathematics at all south of the Sahara. In history, to Europeans, even the
Africanity of Egyptian mathematics is often denied or suffers eurocentric views of conceptions
of both history and of 'mathematics' form the basis of such views.
High in the mountains of Central Equatorial Africa, on the borders of Uganda and Zaire
lies Lake Edward, a source of the Nile. It is a small lake about 30 miles by 60 miles.
Though the area is sparsely populated today, approximately 25,000 (update from 9,000 years
ago by the shores of the lake lived a small community that fished, gathered, and grew crops
The settlement only existed a few hundred years before being buried in a volcanic eruption.
The place where their remains were found 1960 has a name now given to these people -
Ishango. Among their remains is the second oldest mathematical object in Africa.
Some say that the Ishango Bone is the oldest table of prime numbers. Marshack later
concluded, on the basis of his microscopic examination, that it represented a six-month lunar
calendar.
3. Evidence suggests that African travellers may have landed in the Americas before
Europeans.
The scientists found genetic markers in the DNA of the present-day inhabitants of East
Africa living near to the Red Sea, which indicated that they belonged to the same ancestral
group who migrated out of Africa to populate Asia and the rest of the world.
West Africans speaking the Niger-Kordofanian language were found to share many genetic
traits with African-Americans, indicating they were the ancestors of most of the slaves sent to
the New World.
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LearnerGuides. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $8.09. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53008 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 15 years now