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Samenvatting Inleiding in de Ontwikkelingspsychologie - college aantekeningen + literatuur (een 9 behaald)

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Hi! Wat leuk dat je interesse hebt in mijn samenvatting Inleiding in de ontwikkelingspsychologie! Dit document is geschikt voor de bachelor studie Pedagogische Wetenschappen aangeboden aan de Universiteit Leiden, jaar 1. Deze samenvatting bestaat uit alle college aantekeningen, een samenvatting van...

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  • January 17, 2023
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By: tess04 • 1 year ago

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Inleiding in de
Ontwikkelings-
psychologie
Pedagogische Wetenschappen jaar 1
Universiteit Leiden
Hi! Wat leuk dat je mijn samenvatting Inleiding in de ontwikkelingspsychologie hebt gekocht! Deze
samenvatting bestaat uit alle college aantekeningen, een samenvatting van de literatuur en begrippen
dikgedrukt. Ook is er gebruik gemaakt van handige tabellen en schema’s wat zorgt voor een duidelijk
overzicht tijdens het leren!

Het is en blijft een samenvatting, volledige garantie op alle stof is niet geboden. Het is altijd verstandig zelf
de colleges bij te wonen en de literatuur te lezen.

Alvast succes met leren en het tentamen!




1

,Inhoud
Lecture 1 – 16-11-22 Chapter 1&2.....................................................................................................................4
Nature vs Nurture..........................................................................................................................................5
Hoe ontwikkelt pesten? (voorbeeld uitleg)...................................................................................................5
Modellen van continu en discontinu..............................................................................................................5
Critical & sensitive periods.............................................................................................................................6
Waar stopt de ontwikkeling?.........................................................................................................................6
Individu vs omgeving......................................................................................................................................6
Cross cultureel onderzoek..............................................................................................................................7
Bronfenbrenner model...................................................................................................................................7
Theorieën over de ontwikkeling....................................................................................................................7
Skinner & Watson...........................................................................................................................................8
Gezell & McGraw............................................................................................................................................8
Lorenz en Holgersson.....................................................................................................................................8
Piaget..............................................................................................................................................................9
Bandura..........................................................................................................................................................9
Modellen over ontwikkeling........................................................................................................................10
Evolutionaire psychologie............................................................................................................................11
Moet gedrag natuurlijk zijn?........................................................................................................................11
Lecture 2 – 23-11-22 Chapter 4 & 5.................................................................................................................11
Meiose en voortplanting..............................................................................................................................12
DNA en genen...............................................................................................................................................12
Genotypen en ziekten..................................................................................................................................13
seks chromosonen........................................................................................................................................13
Gedragsgenetica...........................................................................................................................................13
Prenatale ontwikkeling.................................................................................................................................13
De geboorte..................................................................................................................................................14
Fysieke groei.................................................................................................................................................15
Seksuele rijping.............................................................................................................................................15
Neuronen......................................................................................................................................................16
De hersenen.................................................................................................................................................16

2

,Lecture 3 – 30-11-22 Chapter 6 & 8.................................................................................................................16
Wat ziet en hoort een baby?........................................................................................................................16
Multisensorische perceptie..........................................................................................................................17
Reflexen........................................................................................................................................................18
Meltzhoff en Moore.....................................................................................................................................18
Motorische ontwikkeling..............................................................................................................................18
Slaappatronen van baby’s............................................................................................................................18
Wat is uniek menselijk?................................................................................................................................19
Taal...............................................................................................................................................................19
Communicatie zonder taal...........................................................................................................................20
Hoe leren ouders hun kinderen taal?..........................................................................................................20
Van woorden naar zinnen............................................................................................................................20
Tweetaligheid groeit....................................................................................................................................21
Lecture 4 – 07-12-22 Chapter 9........................................................................................................................21
Piaget............................................................................................................................................................21
Crossculture en kritiek Piaget.......................................................................................................................23
Vygotsky.......................................................................................................................................................23
Lecture 5 – 14-12-22 Chapter 10 & 11.............................................................................................................24
Modal model – informatie verwerken.........................................................................................................24
WOrking model............................................................................................................................................25
Het verbeteren van het werkgeheugen.......................................................................................................25
Aandacht......................................................................................................................................................25
Lange termijn geheugen...............................................................................................................................25
Intelligentie...................................................................................................................................................26
IQ..................................................................................................................................................................26
Lecture 6 – 09-01-23........................................................................................................................................27
Chapter 12........................................................................................................................................................27
Families.........................................................................................................................................................27
Ouderschap begrijpen..................................................................................................................................27
Slechte relatie met de ouders......................................................................................................................28
Vriendschap..................................................................................................................................................28
romantische relaties.....................................................................................................................................29

3

, Pesten...........................................................................................................................................................29
Lecture 7 – Online Chapter 7...........................................................................................................................30
Genetic maturational view...........................................................................................................................30
Leertheorie...................................................................................................................................................30
Functionalisme.............................................................................................................................................30
Emoties meten.............................................................................................................................................30
Primaire emoties & de ontwikkeling van lachen.........................................................................................30
Secundaire emoties......................................................................................................................................31
Herkennen van emoties...............................................................................................................................31
Emotieregulatie............................................................................................................................................31
Begrijpen van emoties..................................................................................................................................31
Hechting.......................................................................................................................................................31
Lecture 8 – Online Chapter 13.........................................................................................................................32
Biologie, cognitie en gender.........................................................................................................................32
Sociale invloed op gendertypering...............................................................................................................32
Etniciteit en vooroordelen...........................................................................................................................33
Lecture 9 – 16-01-23 chapter 14 & 15.............................................................................................................34
Piaget............................................................................................................................................................34
Kohlberg.......................................................................................................................................................34
Moraliteit en gedrag.....................................................................................................................................34
Agressie........................................................................................................................................................35
Psychopathologie.........................................................................................................................................35
Depressie......................................................................................................................................................36
Autisme........................................................................................................................................................36
ADHD............................................................................................................................................................36




LECTURE 1 – 16-11-22
CHAPTER 1&2

4

, Ontwikkelingspsychologie gaat over hoe mensen (kinderen) zich ontwikkelen op psychologisch vlak. Hoe
hangen vroegere gebeurtenissen en ontwikkelingen samen met latere uitkomsten en hoe kunnen we deze
inzichten toepassen? Veranderingen en tijd zijn belangrijk.

NATURE VS NURTURE

Nature  nativism

Wat zijn de genen van een persoon? Gedrag kan verklaart worden aan de hand van genetische/biologische
aspecten.

Isac stelt dat intelligentie aangeboren is.

Nurture  empiricism

Hoe heeft de omgeving van een persoon een rol gespeeld in de ontwikkeling?

Watson stelt dat een kind als tabula rasa (een onbeschreven blad) ter wereld komt, en je er van kan maken
wat je wilt.

Een aantal problematische stellingen over dit nature vs nurture debat kunnen zijn:

- Sommigen worden geboren als misdadigers als ze uit een arm gezin komen  Oliver Twist
- Verschillen in intelligentie zijn aangeboren
- Er bestaan superieure mensen
- Moeders die koud zijn, krijgen autistische kinderen  ijskast moeders


HOE ONTWIKKELT PESTEN? (VOORBEELD UITLEG)

Als we kijken naar hoe pesten zich ontwikkelt, zien we de volgende oorzaken:

- Genetische aanleg
- Positive reinforcement
- Populariteit
- Optreden leerkrachten
- Verdedigers

Al deze oorzaken laten mooi zien dat een soort gedrag, verklaart kan worden vanuit zowel nature als
nurture. Deze twee begrippen hangen namelijk sterk samen. Het is vaak en/en en niet of/of.




MODELLEN VAN CONTINU EN DISCONTINU

We werken vaak met modellen uit en continue ontwikkeling  lineair, als X toeneemt, neemt Y ook toe.
5

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