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Buitenlands- en defensiebeleid van België
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BUITENLANDS- EN DEFENSIEBELEID IN BELGIË 2022Buitenlands- en Defensiebeleid in België 2022......................................................................................1
LES 1.1: Geschiedenis Belgisch economisch en Europees beleid..............................................4
1. Verenigde Koninkrijk der NL'en (1815-1830): bufferstaat tegen Fransen...........................................4
2. Na de revolutie: economische focus op zoek naar exportmarkten, zonder succes............................4
3. Wereldwijde vrijhandel sinds 1860s: economische en culturele boom voor België...........................4
4. Kolonialisme onder Leopold II: van mislukking tot "succes"-verhaal..................................................4
5. WOI: economische breuk...................................................................................................................5
6. Interbellum: van ontdooiing naar depressie.......................................................................................5
7. WOII: geluk bij een ongeluk................................................................................................................5
8. Post-WOII: continent in puin → nood aan Europees project..............................................................5
9. Rode draad in buitenlands beleid van België: goed functioneren van EU..........................................6
LES 1.2 Federaal Regeerakkoord 2020......................................................................................6
1. Wat is beleid? Bepalen doelstellingen met beperkte middelen op tijdsdimensie..............................6
2. Verval BuBeleid: communitarisme, instabiliteit, desinteresse, onduidelijkheid, attentisme..............6
3. Algemene opmerkingen omtrent regeerakkoord: pro-Europese fiscaliteit en defensie.....................6
4. Specifiek: onderdeel "Defensie".........................................................................................................6
5. Specifiek: onderdeel "buitenlands beleid".........................................................................................7
LES 2.1: Gemeenschappelijk buitenlands veiligheids-/defensie beleid (GBVB/GVDB).............7
1. Collectieve (Europese) defensie.........................................................................................................7
2. Politieke besluitvorming: organigram Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)...........................8
3. Nadelen systeem................................................................................................................................9
4. Voordelen systemen...........................................................................................................................9
5. Administratief niveau van het organigram.........................................................................................9
LES 2.2 Europese defensie........................................................................................................9
1. Kwalitatief probleem: versnippering, weinig geld/kennis, afslanking, weinig volk, protectionisme...9
2. Oplossing: integratie in Europees Defensie en Veiligheidsbeleid → blijkt zéér moeilijk...................10
3. Sinds Oekraïne 2022: Strategisch Kompas van de EU & NAVO's New Force Model.........................10
4. Wat te doen volgens Biscop?............................................................................................................10
LES 3.1: Historische ontwikkeling Belgisch veiligheids- en defensiebeleid.............................11
1. Spanningen na onafhankelijkheid: Tiendaagse Veldtocht................................................................11
2. Negentiende eeuw rust....................................................................................................................11
,3. Vroege 20E:........................................................................................................................................11
4. 1939-1945: WOII...............................................................................................................................12
5. Post-WOII.........................................................................................................................................12
6. Drie hedendaagse dilemma's............................................................................................................12
LES 3.2 Nationale Veiligheidsstrategie & Strategisch Comité van Defensie ...........................12
1. Structurele dimensie NVS.................................................................................................................12
2. Inhoudelijke dimensie NVS...............................................................................................................13
3. SCD (andere aard dan NVS)..............................................................................................................13
LES 4 Essentie Belgische diplomatie: gastles S. Nasra (Europees adviseur Premier)..............13
1. Theorie in België: complexe samenwerkingsakkoorden hinderen daadkrachtig beleid...................13
2. “In foro interno, in foro externo”.....................................................................................................13
3. Uniek maar creëert ook spanningsveld: worden gedempt d.m.v. samenwerkingsakkoorden.........13
4. Door zoveel interne coördinatie spelen we vaak onder ons gewicht...............................................14
5. Traditionele kenmerken van diplomatie:..........................................................................................14
6. Centrale rol van de FOD Buitenlandse Zaken in Belgisch diplomatiek apparaat...............................14
7. Praktijk in België...............................................................................................................................14
8. Opvallende continuïteit; prioriteiten zijn samenhangend................................................................14
9. Europese/internationale agenda: vierlagig bord (regio's, federaal, Europees, internationaal)........14
10. Vier spanningsvelden die Belgisch diplomatiek apparaat beïnvloeden..........................................15
11. Maakt de Belgische diplomatie een verschil? Ja, zie cases.............................................................15
12. Conclusies.......................................................................................................................................15
13. Actuele cases: Belgische diplomatie in werking..............................................................................15
14. Belgische reactie na LGBTI wetgeving in Hongarije........................................................................15
15. COVID.............................................................................................................................................15
16. Energiecrisis....................................................................................................................................15
17. Globaal tekort aan halfgeleiders.....................................................................................................16
LES 5 Defensiebeleid: gastles M. Thys (Vice-Chef Defensie & Vleugeladjudant Koning) .......16
1. Understanding the societal role and place of a defence organisation..............................................16
2. Rol defensieorganisatie in Westerse liberale maatschappij.............................................................16
3. Building a Belgian defence organisation...........................................................................................16
4. Geostrategisch niveau......................................................................................................................16
5. Militair-conceptueel niveau: informatieve oorlogsvoering...............................................................16
6. Operationeel: drie type defensie......................................................................................................17
7. Tactisch niveau: uitdagingen voor de toekomst → constante transformatie nodig.........................17
8. Belgische defensie-uitgaven.............................................................................................................17
Multilateralisme faciliteren..................................................................................................................17
, 9. Transformation in Progress - Building the Future: verandering permanent onderhouden..............17
LES 6 Gemeenschappen en Gewesten: gastles F. Evens (Vlaanderen Internationaal)............17
1. Vlaanderen in een oogopslag: inbreng in BuBeleid cruciaal!............................................................17
2. Buitenlands beleid in vijf dimensies..................................................................................................17
3. Diplomatie: actieve promotie belangen Vla in buitenland...............................................................17
4. Ontwikkeling: Agenda 2030 voor armoede, klimaat en inclusiviteit.................................................18
5. Rijke cultuur, invloedrijke wetenschap & toenemend toeristisch → kennisregio.............................18
6. Meer liberale handel & uitgebreide infrastructuur..........................................................................18
7. Mensenrechten, vrede & veiligheid..................................................................................................18
8. Vlaams buitenlands netwerk............................................................................................................18
9. Actoren van het buitenlands beleid..................................................................................................19
10. Juridisch kader................................................................................................................................19
LES 7 Kritische kijk op de hedendaagse diplomatie: gastles J. Verbeke (Ere-Ambassadeur). .19
1. Inleiding............................................................................................................................................19
2. Diplomatie als praktijk......................................................................................................................19
3. Relatie diplomaten en internationale juristen..................................................................................19
4. Nood aan nationale empathie en realpolitik....................................................................................19
5. Taken van een diplomaat.................................................................................................................20
LES 8 Belgisch engagement in Afrika......................................................................................20
1. Belgische missies van Majoor Olivier Bormans.................................................................................20
2. Belgische militaire operaties in Afrika (Nina Willen).........................................................................21
LES 9 Veiligheidsbeleid: gastles A. Petridis (Permanent Vertegenwoordigster België bij
NAVO)...............................................................................................................................................21
1. Inleiding............................................................................................................................................22
2. NAVO: na Koude Oorlog in slaap gewiegd, 2014 wakker geschud....................................................22
3. Tweede kantelpunt in 2022: NAVO-uitbouw in stroomversnelling → juni: top in Madrid...............22
4. NAVO 2.0..........................................................................................................................................22
5. Oorlog in Oekraïne............................................................................................................................23
6. China.................................................................................................................................................23
7. Uitdagingen voor de toekomst.........................................................................................................23
LES 10 Gastles J. Cooreman (DG Bilaterale Aangelegenheden, FOD BuZa).............................23
1. Globale evoluties..............................................................................................................................23
2. Bilaterale diplomatie........................................................................................................................23
3. Bilaterale diplomatie voor België......................................................................................................24
LES 11 Egmontconferentie.....................................................................................................24
1. Panel 1: toekomstige relaties met Rusland en Oekraïne..................................................................24
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