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samenvatting toegepaste psychologie TS2 S2
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samenvatting toegepaste psychologie PXL TS2 S2
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SAMENVATTING PSYCHOLOGIEINLEIDING............................................................................4
TERREINVERKENNING............................................................................................................................4
BEGRIPSOMSCHRIJVING................................................................................................................................4
HISTORIEK..................................................................................................................................................4
ONTWIKKELINGSFASEN.................................................................................................................................5
FACTOREN DIE DE ONTWIKKELING STUREN........................................................................................................7
PERSPECTIEVEN...................................................................................................................................9
ERIKSON..................................................................................................................................................10
PIAGET....................................................................................................................................................11
VYGOTSKY................................................................................................................................................13
PRENATALE FASE................................................................14
DE PRENATALE ONTWIKKELING..............................................................................................................14
HET PSYCHISCH FUNCTIONEREN.............................................................................................................15
PRENATALE OMGEVINGSINVLOEDEN........................................................................................................15
DE GEBOORTE...................................................................................................................................15
DE BABY.............................................................................18
DE PASGEBORENE..............................................................................................................................18
BABYREFLEXEN..........................................................................................................................................18
GEDRAGSTOESTANDEN...............................................................................................................................18
WAARNEMING EN COGNITIE........................................................................................................................18
SOCIALE GERICHTHEID EN EMOTIES...............................................................................................................19
DE VERDERE MOTORISCHE ONTWIKKELING................................................................................................20
VAN REFLEXEN NAAR ONTWIKKELING BEWEGINGSPATROON...............................................................................20
ONTWIKKELING IN WAARNEMING EN COGNITIE..........................................................................................21
SENSOMOTORISCH STADIUM........................................................................................................................21
HET GEHEUGEN VAN DE BABY......................................................................................................................21
DE TAALONTWIKKELING..............................................................................................................................22
SOCIALE EN PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING..........................................................................................22
BOWLBY EN AINSWORTH : TYPES VAN GEHECHTHEID........................................................................................22
SOCIAL REFERENCING.................................................................................................................................25
DE PEUTER.........................................................................26
DE LICHAMELIJKE EN MOTORISCHE ONTWIKKELING.....................................................................................26
ONTWIKKELING IN WAARNEMING EN MENTAAL FUNCTIONEREN....................................................................26
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,VERWORVEN DENKCAPACITEITEN:.................................................................................................................26
VERWARRING TUSSEN FANTASIE EN WERKELIJKHEID.........................................................................................27
BIJKOMENDE PROCESSEN............................................................................................................................28
DE SOCIALE EN PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING......................................................................................29
MAHLER (1975).......................................................................................................................................29
ZELFBEWUSTZIJN.......................................................................................................................................29
AUTONOMIE-ONTWIKKELING.......................................................................................................................30
DE KLEUTER.......................................................................31
DE LICHAMELIJKE EN MOTORISCHE ONTWIKKELING.....................................................................................31
ONTWIKKELING IN DE WAARNEMING EN HET MENTAAL FUNCTIONEREN..........................................................31
EXPERIMENTEN DENKFOUTEN......................................................................................................................31
BIJKOMENDE PROCESSEN............................................................................................................................32
DE SOCIALE EN PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING......................................................................................34
HECHTING................................................................................................................................................34
RELATIE MET LEEFTIJDSGENOTEN..................................................................................................................35
ONTLUIKEND ZELFCONCEPT.........................................................................................................................35
ONTWIKKELING GENDERIDENTITEIT...............................................................................................................35
DE MORELE ONTWIKKELING.........................................................................................................................35
TAAKGERICHTHEID:....................................................................................................................................36
GEVOELENS EN EMOTIES:............................................................................................................................36
SPELONTWIKKELING............................................................................................................................37
HET SCHOOLKIND...............................................................38
DE LICHAMELIJKE EN MOTORISCHE ONTWIKKELING.....................................................................................38
ONTWIKKELEN IN DE WAARNEMING EN HET MENTAAL FUNCTIONEREN............................................................38
BIJKOMENDE PROCESSEN............................................................................................................................38
DE SOCIALE EN PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING......................................................................................39
VERSCHUIVING VAN SOCIALE VOORKEUR........................................................................................................39
HET ZELFCONCEPT.....................................................................................................................................40
DE MORELE ONTWIKKELING.........................................................................................................................40
GEVOELENS EN EMOTIES.............................................................................................................................41
SCHOOLKINDEREN MET SPECIALE BEHOEFTEN............................................................................................41
ZINTUIGELIJKE EN SPRAAKPROBLEMEN...........................................................................................................41
ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)....................................................................................42
INTELLIGENTIE...........................................................................................................................................42
LEERPROBLEMEN.......................................................................................................................................42
DE ADOLESCENT.................................................................43
PUBERTEIT EN/OF ADOLESCENTIE?................................................................................................................43
FASEN IN ADOLESCENTIE.............................................................................................................................43
LICHAMELIJKE ONTWIKKELING...............................................................................................................43
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,PUBERTEIT...............................................................................................................................................44
ACCELERATIEVERSCHIJNSEL..........................................................................................................................44
COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING.................................................................................................................45
GEVOLGEN VAN HET FORMEEL-OPERATIONEEL DENKEN.....................................................................................45
BIJKOMENDE PROCESSEN............................................................................................................................46
DE VOLWASSENE...............................................................47
JONGVOLWASSENE (24 – 35 JAAR)..............................................................................................................47
MIDDENVOLWASSENE (30 – 55 JAAR)..........................................................................................................47
DE LAATVOLWASSENE (50 – 65 JAAR)..........................................................................................................47
LICHAMELIJKE ONTWIKKELING EN PSYCHISCH WELBEVINDEN.........................................................................47
SENSORISCHE ACHTERUITGANG.....................................................................................................................48
MOTORISCHE ACHTERUITGANG....................................................................................................................48
FYSIEKE VEROUDERING...............................................................................................................................48
CLIMACTERIUM OF DE OVERGANG (+/- 45 JAAR)............................................................................................48
COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING.................................................................................................................49
SOCIALE EN PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING..........................................................................................50
DE BEROEPSCARRIÈRE.................................................................................................................................50
PARTNERRELATIES.....................................................................................................................................51
ZELFBEELD................................................................................................................................................53
KERNCONFLICT (ERIKSON)...........................................................................................................................54
PENSIONERING..........................................................................................................................................55
DE OUDERE........................................................................56
HET VEROUDERINGSPROCES.........................................................................................................................56
FASEN IN DE OUDERDOM............................................................................................................................56
DEMOGRAFIE VAN DE OUDERE VOLWASSENHEID..............................................................................................56
LICHAMELIJKE ONTWIKKELING EN PSYCHISCH WELBEVINDEN.........................................................................56
LICHAMELIJKE ONTWIKKELING EN PSYCHISCH WELBEVINDEN...............................................................................56
COGNITIEVE ONTWIKKELING........................................................................................................................58
SOCIALE EN PERSOONLIJKHEIDSONTWIKKELING................................................................................................60
3
, Inleiding
Terreinverkenning
10/20 krijg je met letterlijk vanbuiten leren
5 punten met wat doordenken
5 punten moeilijke redeneringen
Geen giscorrectie
Begripsomschrijving
Ontwikkelingspsychologie
Bestudeert de manier, waarop mensen opgroeien en veranderen, van de wieg tot …
==) de wetenschap die het gedrag van de mens bestudeert in de verschillende fasen van zijn
ontwikkeling
Levenslooppsychologie
Omvat ook ontwikkelingspsychologie van de volwassenen en ouderen
Wordt vaak als overkoepelende term gebruikt
==) een discriptieve en verklarende wetenschap
Historiek
Filosofen nadenken over …
Babybiografieën observeren van …
Wetenschappelijke theorievorming
- systematische observatie à genetische psychologie
- nieuwe onderzoekstechnieken en statische methodes à ontwikkelingspsychologie
Discussie: nature – nurture
- aanleg vs milieufactoren
- nativisten vs empiristen (tabula rasa)
Vandaag: interactionele visie :
- de verschillende factoren beïnvloeden mekaar = nature & nurture
- de zelfbepaling van de persoon in ontwikkeling komt daar nog bovenop!
==) nieuwe situaties ==) van invloed op de ontwikkeling
4
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