Summary
Samenvatting inleiding tot het recht, 1ste jaar sociaal werk (geslaagd in 1ste zit)
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Goede gestructureerde samenvatting, met voorbeelden.
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By: elinebulcke • 2 weeks ago
By: jaimysmet94 • 11 months ago
By: maxinebiermans • 11 months ago
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INHOUDH1 - Wat is recht? -.................................................................................................................................................. 4
1. Kenmerken en definitie van het recht ........................................................................................................... 4
Kenmerken van het recht ................................................................................................................................ 4
Het recht heeft als doel de samenleving te ordenen .......................................................................................... 4
Het recht wordt opgelegd door de samenleving ................................................................................................ 4
Rechtsregels zijn afdwingbaar............................................................................................................................. 5
Soorten regels ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Definitie recht ..................................................................................................................................................... 5
Objectief recht vs subjectieve rechten ............................................................................................................... 6
Rechtssubject vs rechtsobject ............................................................................................................................. 6
Rechtsmisbruik .................................................................................................................................................... 6
2. soorten subjectieve rechten .......................................................................................................................... 7
Politieke rechten ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Burgerlijke rechten .............................................................................................................................................. 7
Schematisch ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
3. Deelgebieden van het recht ........................................................................................................................... 8
Nationaal privaatrecht ........................................................................................................................................ 8
Soorten nationaal privaatrecht ....................................................................................................................... 9
Nationaal publiekrecht ........................................................................................................................................ 9
Soorten nationaal publiek recht...................................................................................................................... 9
Internationaal privaatrecht ............................................................................................................................... 10
Internationaal publiekrecht of volkenrecht ...................................................................................................... 10
Europees recht .................................................................................................................................................. 10
4. Bronnen van het recht.................................................................................................................................. 11
Internationale rechtsbronnen ....................................................................................................................... 11
Belgische wetgeving .......................................................................................................................................... 11
Hiërarchie binnen de wetgeving ................................................................................................................... 11
H2 - de Belgische staatstructuur - ......................................................................................................................... 12
1. Kenmerken van de Belgische staat .............................................................................................................. 12
1.1 Rechtsstaat .................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.2 Democratie .................................................................................................................................................. 12
1.3 Scheiding der machten ................................................................................................................................ 12
1.4 Eenheidsstaat en federalisering .................................................................................................................. 13
1.5 Monarchie ................................................................................................................................................... 13
2. Politieke instellingen in federaal België....................................................................................................... 13
1
, 2.1 De federale overheid ............................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Gemeenschappen en gewesten .............................................................................................................. 16
2.3 Provincies ................................................................................................................................................ 17
2.4 Gemeenten ............................................................................................................................................. 17
3. Controlerende instellingen ........................................................................................................................... 18
3.1 Raad van staten ....................................................................................................................................... 18
3.2 Grondwettelijk hof .................................................................................................................................. 18
4. Rechtsbronnen – wetgeving.......................................................................................................................... 19
H3 – Justitie – ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
1. Kenmerken van Justitie ................................................................................................................................ 20
1.1 Toegang tot de rechter............................................................................................................................ 20
1.2 Actoren van justitie ................................................................................................................................. 21
1.3 Organisatie van Justitie ........................................................................................................................... 23
2. De gewone hoven en rechtbanken .............................................................................................................. 24
2.1 Vrederechter ........................................................................................................................................... 25
2.2 Politierechtbank ...................................................................................................................................... 25
2.3 Rechtbank van eerste aanleg .................................................................................................................. 25
2.4 Ondernemingsrechtbank ........................................................................................................................ 26
2.5 Arbeidsrechtbank .................................................................................................................................... 26
2.6 Hof van assisen ........................................................................................................................................ 26
2.7 Hof van beroep ........................................................................................................................................ 26
2.8 Arbeidshof ............................................................................................................................................... 26
2.9 Hof van Cassatie ...................................................................................................................................... 27
Strafuitvoeringsrechtbank............................................................................................................................. 27
3. Administratieve en tuchtrechtelijke rechtscolleges .................................................................................... 27
4. De burgerlijke procedure ............................................................................................................................. 27
4.1 Alternatieve geschillenbeslechting adr ................................................................................................... 27
4.2 Verloop van een burgerlijke procedure .................................................................................................. 29
4.3 Uitvoering van een vonnis ....................................................................................................................... 31
4.4 Beslissingen aanvechten via ‘rechtsmiddelen’ ........................................................................................ 31
5. De strafprocedure......................................................................................................................................... 32
5.1 Rol van het openbaar ministerie ............................................................................................................. 32
5.2 Afsluiten Onderzoek ................................................................................................................................ 33
5.3 strafuitvoering ......................................................................................................................................... 33
5.5 Samenloop van strafvordering en burgerlijke vordering ........................................................................ 34
5.6 Rechtshulp ............................................................................................................................................... 34
H4 – Burgerlijk recht –........................................................................................................................................... 34
2
,1. Rechtshandelingen ....................................................................................................................................... 34
1.1 RECHTSHANDELING VS. RECHTSFEIT ....................................................................................................... 34
1.2 Geldigheid van rechtshandelingen .......................................................................................................... 35
1.3 Nietigheid van rechtshandelingen .......................................................................................................... 37
2. Personen ....................................................................................................................................................... 38
2.1 Soorten personen .................................................................................................................................... 38
2.2 Natuurlijke persoon ................................................................................................................................ 38
2.3 Rechtspersonen....................................................................................................................................... 39
3. Verbintenissen/overeenkomsten/onrechtmatige daad ............................................................................. 40
3.1 Soorten verbintenissen ........................................................................................................................... 40
3.2 Bronnen van verbintenissen ................................................................................................................... 42
3.3 Tenietgaan van verbintenissen ............................................................................................................... 43
4. Overeenkomsten .......................................................................................................................................... 43
4.1 Inleiding ................................................................................................................................................... 43
4.2 Soorten overeenkomsten ........................................................................................................................ 43
4.3 Totstandkoming van overeenkomsten ................................................................................................... 44
4.4 Interpretatie van overeenkomsten ......................................................................................................... 44
4.5 Gevolgen ................................................................................................................................................. 44
4.6 Tenietgaan van overeenkomsten ............................................................................................................ 44
5. Onrechtmatige daad ..................................................................................................................................... 45
5.1 foutaansprakelijkheid .............................................................................................................................. 45
5.2 Aansprakelijkheid voor de eigen fout ..................................................................................................... 45
5.3 Aanspraakelijkheid voor andermans fout ............................................................................................... 46
6. Bewijs ............................................................................................................................................................ 47
6.1 Bewijslast ................................................................................................................................................ 47
6.2 Bewijsmiddelen ....................................................................................................................................... 48
3
, RECHT VERKENNEN
H1 - WAT IS RECHT? -
1. KENMERKEN EN DEFINITIE VAN HET RECHT
KENMERKEN VAN HET RECHT
• REGELS
Bv. Rechten & Plichten
Je hebt recht op een leefloon (onder bepaalde voorwaarden), en je hebt dan de plicht actief naar werk
te zoeken
Bv. = wat je moet doen (gebodsregels) bv. Respecteer je ouders
= wat je niet mag doen (verbodsregels) bv. Gij zult niet doden
Regel wordt rechtsregel - Wanneer opgesteld / bekrachtigd door samenleving
HET RECHT HEEFT ALS DOEL DE SAMENLEVING TE ORDENEN
(over)leven en handelen als mensen binnen een samenleving (een groep)
veronderstelt regels:
- over wie wat mag doen, met welke
middelen
- (goederen, geld, rechten)
- over gedrag dat aanvaard wordt, en
wat niet
- ...
HET RECHT WORDT OPGELEGD DOOR DE SAMENLEVING
Samenleven leidt tot conflicten
• Conflicten vergen oplossingen, en dus regels
• Via ‘wetgever’, en dus met akkoord van de samenleving (van ons)
Samenleving is continu in verandering:
• wetgeving is een dynamisch gegeven
• Kan je voorbeelden geven?
• Recht is nooit af!
Hoe beslist de samenleving hierover?
❖ Rechtstreekse democratie (directe democratie)
Via het referendum
❖ Vertegenwoordigende democratie (indirecte democratie)
Via vertegenwoordigers van het volk
Regel wordt rechtsregel wanneer opgesteld / bekrachtigd door politieke autoriteit (bv?)
4
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