E-book: Oncologie, handboek voor verpleegkundigen en andere
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Hoofdstuk 1. Kanker, diagnostiek en stadiëring....................................................................................4
Preventie en het ontstaan van kanker...................................................................................................4
Preventie...........................................................................................................................................4
Exogene factoren (factoren buiten het lichaam)...............................................................................4
Endogene factoren (factoren binnen het lichaam)............................................................................4
Chemopreventie................................................................................................................................4
Tumorgroei............................................................................................................................................5
Celdeling............................................................................................................................................5
Kankercelgroei...................................................................................................................................5
Genen................................................................................................................................................5
Carcinogenese.......................................................................................................................................6
Neoplasie...............................................................................................................................................7
Goedaardige tumor...........................................................................................................................7
Kwaadaardige tumor.........................................................................................................................7
Indeling van kanker................................................................................................................................8
Carcinomen........................................................................................................................................8
Sarcomen...........................................................................................................................................8
Hematologische maligniteiten...........................................................................................................8
Diagnostiek............................................................................................................................................9
Classificerende diagnose....................................................................................................................9
Stadiëring...........................................................................................................................................9
Stadiëringssystematiek........................................................................................................................10
Diagnostische onderzoeken.................................................................................................................10
1. Pathologie....................................................................................................................................10
Cytologisch onderzoek.................................................................................................................10
Histologisch onderzoek van biopten............................................................................................10
Histologisch onderzoek van operatiepreparaten.........................................................................10
Moleculaire pathologie....................................................................................................................11
2. Radiologische diagnostiek............................................................................................................11
1
,Farmacologie 3 Oncologie Jessica van Walstijn
Röntgenfoto.................................................................................................................................11
Röntgenfoto na het inbrengen van contrast................................................................................11
CT-san..........................................................................................................................................11
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).............................................................................................11
Echografie....................................................................................................................................12
3. Nucleair geneeskundig onderzoek...............................................................................................12
Skeletscintigrafie of botscan........................................................................................................12
Sentinel-nodeprocedure..............................................................................................................12
Positronemissietomografie (PET).................................................................................................12
4. Klinisch-chemisch onderzoek.......................................................................................................12
Algemeen bloedonderzoek..........................................................................................................12
Tumormarkers.............................................................................................................................13
Enzymen......................................................................................................................................13
Tumorgeassocieerde antigenen...................................................................................................13
Performancestatus..............................................................................................................................13
Primaire, secundaire en tertiaire preventie.........................................................................................13
Hoofdstuk 8. Chemotherapie...............................................................................................................14
Werkingsprincipe.................................................................................................................................14
Soorten cytostatica..............................................................................................................................14
Antimetabolieten.............................................................................................................................14
Alkylerende middelen......................................................................................................................14
Platinaverbindingen.........................................................................................................................14
Antitumorantibiotica.......................................................................................................................14
Antimitotische middelen.................................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 10. Immuno- en targeted therapie.....................................................................................15
Genetica...........................................................................................................................................15
Relatie tussen genetica en kanker...............................................................................................15
Immunotherapie..............................................................................................................................15
Cytokinen.....................................................................................................................................16
Monoklonale antilichamen..............................................................................................................16
Targeted én immunotherapie......................................................................................................16
Targets van monoklonale antilichamen.......................................................................................16
Toepassingen...............................................................................................................................16
Bijwerkingen................................................................................................................................17
Hoofdstuk 20. Mammacarcinoom.......................................................................................................18
Epidemiologie en etiologie..............................................................................................................18
2
, Farmacologie 3 Oncologie Jessica van Walstijn
Hormonale factoren.....................................................................................................................18
Omgevingsfactoren......................................................................................................................18
Preventie.........................................................................................................................................18
Bevolkingsonderzoek borstkanker...............................................................................................18
Screening buiten het kader van het bevolkingsonderzoek..........................................................19
Borstzelfonderzoek......................................................................................................................19
Symptomatologie.............................................................................................................................19
Symptomatische afwijkingen.......................................................................................................19
Diagnostiek en stadiëring................................................................................................................19
Anamnese en lichamelijk onderzoek...........................................................................................19
Radiologisch onderzoek...............................................................................................................20
Pathologisch onderzoek...............................................................................................................20
Pathologie....................................................................................................................................20
In situ-carcinoom (DCIS EN LCIS)..................................................................................................20
Hormoongevoeligheid en HER2-neu............................................................................................20
Stadiëring.....................................................................................................................................21
Behandeling.....................................................................................................................................21
Lokale behandeling......................................................................................................................21
Mammasparende therapie..........................................................................................................21
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