Ik behaalde op het examen 118/140 met deze samenvatting.
Cursus die ik zelf heb gemaakt om te studeren voor het examen van filmgeschiedenis (vrijdag 20/01/2023) aan de VUB, gegeven door prof. Kevin Smets. Gemaakt op basis van de slides uit de lessen met extra nota's die ik zelf heb genomen en extr...
ZARA MARIE F VERSPEELT
COMMUNICATIEWETENSCHAPPEN
VUB
,1
,Inhoud
LES 1: INLEIDING, DEFINITIES EN BENADERINGEN, FILMSTUDIES, FILMGENRES ...................... 6
Overzicht les 1 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
Inleiding cursus ................................................................................................................................................... 6
Illusies over film .................................................................................................................................................. 7
Benaderingen en definities van film ................................................................................................................... 7
Wat maakt film bijzonder? .................................................................................................................................. 8
Filmstudies als wetenschap................................................................................................................................. 9
LES 2: DOCUMENTAIRE, EXPERIMENTELE FILM, ANIMATIEFILM ............................................15
Overzicht les 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 15
Documentaire ................................................................................................................................................ 15
Documentaire: definities................................................................................................................................... 15
Vaak terugkerende elementen in traditionele documentaire ......................................................................... 16
Documentaire als evoluerende vorm ................................................................................................................ 16
Documentaire als fluïde filmvorm ..................................................................................................................... 17
Documentaire: vorm ......................................................................................................................................... 17
, Toverlantaarn ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Kinetoscoop .......................................................................................................................................... 23
De Black Maria-studio, ca. 1893 ........................................................................................................... 23
Projectie ............................................................................................................................................................ 23
Vitascope: het antwoord van Edison op de Cinématograph van de Lumières ..................................... 24
Narratie en montage: inleiding ......................................................................................................................... 24
Georges Méliès ............................................................................................................................................. 25
Alice Guy ....................................................................................................................................................... 25
Edwin porter ................................................................................................................................................. 25
D. W. Griffith................................................................................................................................................. 26
Lev Kuleshov ................................................................................................................................................. 27
Sergei Eisenstein ........................................................................................................................................... 27
Dziga Vertov.................................................................................................................................................. 28
LES 4: ONTWIKKELING VAN GELUID, KLEUR EN SPECIALE EFFECTEN ......................................29
Overzicht les 4 ................................................................................................................................................... 29
Ontwikkeling geluidsfilm ................................................................................................................................ 29
Vroege experimenten met geluid ..................................................................................................................... 29
Standaardisering en geluid ................................................................................................................................ 29
Gevolgen van de komst van geluid ................................................................................................................... 30
Ontwikkeling kleurenfilm ............................................................................................................................... 31
Vroege kleurenfilm ............................................................................................................................................ 31
Standaardisering van kleur................................................................................................................................ 32
De langzame conversie naar kleurenfilm .......................................................................................................... 32
Kleur: meer dan techniek .................................................................................................................................. 33
LES 5: DE LEVENSCYCLUS VAN DE FILM, INDUSTRIALISERING EN HET STUDIOTIJDPERK .........35
Overzicht les 5 ................................................................................................................................................... 35
Drie levensfases van een film ............................................................................................................................ 35
Productie....................................................................................................................................................... 35
Distributie ..................................................................................................................................................... 36
Vertoning (exhibition) ................................................................................................................................... 37
3 levensfases: besluit ........................................................................................................................................ 37
Film als industrie: historische wortels ............................................................................................................... 37
De “nickelodeon boom” .................................................................................................................................... 38
Europa als bakermat ......................................................................................................................................... 39
Industrialisering................................................................................................................................................. 40
Ontwikkeling hollywood.................................................................................................................................... 40
Sterrendom ....................................................................................................................................................... 40
Hollywood: de ‘gouden periode’ ....................................................................................................................... 41
Inleiding: de gouden periode ............................................................................................................................ 41
Hollywood in de jaren ‘20 ................................................................................................................................. 42
De ‘production code’ ......................................................................................................................................... 42
3
, Relaties tussen Europa en Hollywood ............................................................................................................... 42
Enkele invloedrijke regisseurs studiotijdperk ................................................................................................... 43
Vrouwen in Hollywood ...................................................................................................................................... 43
Einde van het studiosysteem ............................................................................................................................ 44
LES 6: DE FILMTEKST, PARATEKST EN INTERTEKSTUALITEIT ...................................................45
Overzicht les 6 ................................................................................................................................................... 45
Film als taal ....................................................................................................................................................... 45
4 bouwstenen van de kerntekst ........................................................................................................................ 46
Verhaal .......................................................................................................................................................... 46
Mise-en-scène............................................................................................................................................... 47
Camerabehandeling ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Buitenbeelds geluid ...................................................................................................................................... 50
Paratekst ........................................................................................................................................................... 50
Intertekstualiteit ............................................................................................................................................... 51
Belangrijke vormen van intertekstualiteit binnen film ..................................................................................... 51
Meerdere synchrone versies ........................................................................................................................ 51
Adaptatie ...................................................................................................................................................... 51
Remakes........................................................................................................................................................ 51
Sequels, prequels, spin-offs ......................................................................................................................... 51
Hommage...................................................................................................................................................... 52
Imitatie.......................................................................................................................................................... 52
Rescoring ...................................................................................................................................................... 52
De filmtekst: besluit .......................................................................................................................................... 52
LES 7: FILMBEWEGINGEN DEEL 1 ..........................................................................................53
Overzicht les 7 ................................................................................................................................................... 53
Wat zijn bewegingen? ....................................................................................................................................... 53
Bewegingen in de filmgeschiedenis .................................................................................................................. 53
Avant-garde in Frankrijk .................................................................................................................................... 54
Eerste avant-garde: impressionisme ........................................................................................................... 54
Tweede avant-garde: surrealisme en cinéma pur ....................................................................................... 55
Duits expressionisme ........................................................................................................................................ 55
Nieuwe Zakelijkheid (Neue Sachlichkeit) .......................................................................................................... 56
Italiaans neorealisme ........................................................................................................................................ 56
Neorealisme: invloed en internationale dimensies .......................................................................................... 57
Nouvelle vague .................................................................................................................................................. 58
Kenmerken.................................................................................................................................................... 58
Belangrijkste regisseurs ................................................................................................................................ 58
Invloed nouvelle vague: jaren ‘60, ‘70 en ‘80 ................................................................................................... 59
LES 8: FILMBEWEGINGEN DEEL 2 ..........................................................................................60
Overzicht les 8 ................................................................................................................................................... 60
Third Cinema ..................................................................................................................................................... 60
Third Cinema: visie op film ........................................................................................................................... 60
Third Cinema: impact .................................................................................................................................... 61
Feministische film ............................................................................................................................................. 61
Queer Cinema ................................................................................................................................................... 62
Dogme 95 .......................................................................................................................................................... 62
Ecocinema ......................................................................................................................................................... 63
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,LES 9: FILM, MACHT EN ONGELIJKHEID + ALGEMEEN BESLUIT...............................................64
Overzicht les 9 ................................................................................................................................................... 64
Film en ideologie ............................................................................................................................................... 64
Film en ideologie: rol van beleid................................................................................................................... 65
Censuur ............................................................................................................................................................. 66
Film als politiek wapen: 3 benaderingen .......................................................................................................... 66
Film en kolonialisme ......................................................................................................................................... 67
Inheemse film.................................................................................................................................................... 68
Algemeen besluit .............................................................................................................................................. 68
Informatie over het examen ............................................................................................................................ 68
5
, Les 1: Inleiding, definities en
benaderingen, filmstudies, filmgenres
Overzicht les 1
• Inleiding cursus
• Drie ‘illusies’ over film
• Benaderingen en definities van film
• Wat maakt film bijzonder?
• Filmstudies als wetenschap
• Filmgenres definiëren
• Ontwikkeling van genres
• Genremixing
• Toepassing: western, horror, musical
Inleiding cursus
• Zie studiewijzer op Canvas
• Doel: breed historisch overzicht van de ontwikkeling van film
• Aan de hand van zes dimensies: film als ‘spectrum’, als techniek, als taal, als industrie, als
beweging en als praktijk
• Studiemateriaal:
• Handboek ‘Film. Een geschiedenis’ (verschijnt in oktober, zal te koop zijn aan studententarief)
• Slides
• Filmfragmenten
• Minstens 5 films bijwonen in Cinematek, te kiezen uit de lijst op Canvas
• Extra materiaal voor verdere verdieping
• Evaluatie
• Schriftelijk examen: deels open boek (70% van eindtotaal)
• Individuele opdracht: essay (30% van eindtotaal)
• Opdracht
• Toelichting in extra document op Canvas
• 2000 woorden exclusief referenties
• Optioneel: one-pager indienen tegen 4/11
• Selectie van essays gepubliceerd op websites of magazines
• Filmvoorstellingen
• Verplicht minstens 5 voorstellingen uit lijst
• Boek- en filmvoorstelling 27/10
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