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Bonding (ionic substances, giant covalents, simple molecular)
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Bonding (ionic substances, giant covalents, simple molecular) exam notes for iGCSE
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IONIC SUBSTANCES GIANT COVALENTS SIMPLE MOLECULARMELT & HIGH HIGHEST LOW
BOIL POINT Lots of energy needed to Lots of energy needed to break lots Not much energy needed to break
break: lots of strong ionic of covalent bonds between the atoms. the weak intermolecular forces
bonds between positive and between the molecules.
negative ions.
They increase if molecular mass
increases (larger molecules have
more forces of attraction between
them)
CONDUCT NO MOVEMENT OF MOBILE ELECTRONS Doesn’t conduct
ELECTRICITY solid: doesn’t conduct (delocalised) (NO MOVEMENT OF
(charge (do not have free electrons /
MOBILE ELECTRONS)
movement) overall electric charge) but graphite/graphene- only have 3
(NO MOVEMENT OF IONS)
bonds for each cov.
liquid: it conducts THESE HAVE MOMENT OF MOBILE
(MOVEMENT OF IONS) ELECTRONS
diamond is insoluble in water so it
does not conduct electricity
STRUCTURE
EXAMPLES -CaCo2 -silicone dioxide -H2O
-Al(No3)3 -graphite -CO2
-MgO -graphene -fullerence
-NaCl -diamond -S8
-Al2S3
IF IT IS NONE OF THOSE THREE, ITS: NONE (METAL), WITH HIGH BOILING AND MELTING POINT
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