NUR2058 DIMENSIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE EXAM #1 CONCEPT GUIDE
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NUR2058 DIMENSIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE EXAM #1 CONCEPT GUIDENUR2058 DIMENSIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE EXAM #1 CONCEPT GUIDENUR2058 DIMENSIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE EXAM #1 CONCEPT GUIDENUR2058 DIMENSIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE EXAM #1 CONCEPT GUIDENUR2058 DIMENSIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE EXAM #1 CONCEPT GUID...
nur2058 dimensions of nursing practice exam 1 concept guide
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CHAPTER & HEADING TOPIC
Chapter 4 (Alfaro-LeFevre): Nurses: The Glue and Conscience of Nurses are “the glue” because they hold care systems together. In many case, nurses are the
Health only regular, qualified health care providers consistently available. Through their
Care organizations, nurses are the conscience of health care.
Why are nurses considered both the glue and conscious of health care? They promote health, monitor and manage acute and chronic problems, and teach patients
What role does critical thinking, reasoning, and judgement play in and families to do the same.
nursing?
Chapter 1 (Alfaro-LeFevre): Critical Thinking Versus Nursing Process to manage resources, prevent complications, and promote physical and mental well-being in
What are the 6 steps to the nursing process per ANA? What is the diverse patients with complex issues.
purpose of the nursing process? How will it help you as a nurse? American Nurses Association (ANA) standards state that the nursing process—assessment,
Your ability to think critically and develop sound clinical reasoning diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation—serves as a
and judgment affects the lives of many. You need to be prepared for a critical thinking model that promotes a competent level of care
job that’s much more than a caring presence. You need to know how
Chapter 4 (Alfaro-LeFevre): Critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and and involves critical thinking skills and data collection; subjective and objective.
clinical judgment
Know the important points made in previous chapters regarding critical 1. Nurses tend to use the terms critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgment
thinking, clinical reasoning, and clinical judgement; #s 1-7 interchangeably. Critical thinking is an “umbrella term” that includes clinical reasoning,
clinical judgment, and reasoning outside of the clinical setting (e.g., reasoning in your
5. You begin to learn critical thinking skills in school, but you personal life or during classroom or testing experiences).
develop them on the job with strong teachers, dialogue, and clinical 2. Critical thinking and clinical reasoning are thinking processes; clinical judgment is the
experience. Using a common reference or tool as a “talking point” to result of the thinking (the opinions you form or decisions you make).
promote ongoing dialogue about what’s going well and what needs to 3. All critical thinking depends on the accuracy and quality of communication—mutual
be improved is essential. Standard tests are helpful in testing exchange of information. Communication problems are major causes of mistakes and
knowledge—an important part of critical thinking. They also may test adverse outcomes such as falls and care omissions.
some critical thinking skills. Based on a recent study, critical thinking 4. Critical thinking (and clinical reasoning and clinical judgment) in nursing:
instrument use has not met success in nursing.
6. Ensuring patient and caregiver safety and welfare must be the Is guided by standards, policies, ethics codes, and laws (individual state practice acts and state
top priority in all thinking in nursing. Before you perform nursing boards of nursing). • Is based on principles of nursing process, problem-solving, and the
actions or give medications, ask yourself, “Do I know why this scientific method (requires forming opinions and making decisions based on evidence).
particular action, treatment, or medication is indicated for this • Focuses on safety and quality, constantly reflecting, re-evaluating, self-correcting, and
particular patient?” 7. You’re accountable for determining the limits of striving to improve. • Carefully identifies the key problems, issues, and risks involved,
your own knowledge. You’re also accountable for ensuring that including patients, families, and key stakeholders in decision-making early in the process.
patients, families, and caregivers you supervise have the knowledge (Stakeholders are the people who will be most affected [patients and families] or from
they need to proceed with care safely and effectively. whom requirements will be drawn (e.g., caregivers, insurance companies, third-party payers,
The nursing process functions as a systematic guide to client-centered health care organizations.)
care with 5 sequential steps. These are assessment, diagnosis, • Applies logic, intuition, and creativity and is grounded in specific knowledge, skills, and
planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment is the first step
Chapter 4 (Alfaro-LeFevre): How Novices Become
Experts
experience.
• Is driven by patient, family, and community needs, as well as nurses’ needs to give
competent efficient care (e.g., streamlining charting to free nurses for patient care).
• Calls for strategies that make the most of human potential and compensates for
problems created by human nature (e.g., finding ways to prevent errors, using
technology, and overcoming the powerful influence of personal views).
Box 4-
2
Chapter 3: Key Concepts Common in Nursing Models
What are the common concepts common in nursing models? Why is
the client central to all nursing models?
The concept of client (or patient) is central to all nursing models
because it is the client who is the primary recipient of nursing care.
Although the term client usually refers to a single individual, it can
also refer to small groups or to a large collective of individuals (e.g.,
for community health nurses, the community is the client).
Although nursing models vary in terminology and approach to health
care, four concepts are common to almost all of them: Client or patient
(individual or collective), health, environment, and nursing. Each
nursing model has its own specific definition of these terms, but the
underlying definitions of the concepts are similar.
, NUR2058 DIMENSIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE EXAM #1 CONCEPT GUIDE
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Chapter 3: Comparison of Selected Nursing Models
Table 3.2
Chap 3: Major Nursing Theories and Models The Roy Adaptation Model As developed by Sister Callista Roy, the Roy Adaptation Model Know the following
models/theories: Roy Adaption Model, Orem Self- of nursing is very closely related to systems theory.13 The main goal of this model is to allow Care Model, King
Model of Goal Attainment, Watson Model of Caring, the client to reach his or her highest level of functioning through adaptation.
Johnson Behavioral System Model, and Neumann Health-Care Systems Dorothea E. Orem's model of nursing is based on the belief that health care is each
Model individual's own responsibility. The aim of this model is to help clients direct and carry out
activities that maintain or improve their health
The King model also notes that nursing must function in all three system levels found in the
environment: Personal, interactional, and social.
Watson Model of Human Caring defines caring in a detailed and systematic manner. By
integrating systems theory with behavioral theory, Dorothy E. Johnson developed a
model of nursing that considers client behavior to be the key to preventing illness and to
restoring health when illness occurs.
As envisioned by Betty Neuman, the Health-Care Systems Model focuses on the individual
and his or her environment and is applicable to a variety of health-care disciplines apart from
nursing.
Chapter 3: What is a Model? A model is a hypothetical representation of something that exists in reality.
What is a model? What is the purpose of a model? What do models help The purpose of a model is to explain a complex reality in a systematic and organized manner.
the nurse do? For example, a hospital organizational chart is a model that attempts to demonstrate the
interrelationships of the various levels of the hospital's administration.
Although a model tends to be more concrete than a theory, they both help explain and
direct nursing actions. This ability, using a systematic and structured approach, is one of the
key elements that raises nursing from a task-oriented job to the level of a profession that uses
judgment and knowledge to make informed decisions about client care. With the use of a
conceptual model, nurses can provide intelligent and thoughtful answers to the question,
“What do nurses do?” Consider the quoted scenario above.
Chapter 3: Types of Intervention The main goal of a primary intervention is to prevent possible symptoms that could be
What are the 3 levels of intervention? What does each level of caused by environmental stressors. Teaching clients about stress management, giving
intervention focus on? immunizations, and encouraging aerobic exercise to prevent heart disease are examples of
A tertiary intervention seeks to restore the client's system to an optimal primary interventions. state of balance by adapting to negative environmental stressors. A
secondary intervention is aimed at treating symptoms that have already been produced by Teaching a client how to care for a colostomy bag at home after discharge
stressors. Many of the actions that nurses perform in the hospital or clinic (e.g., giving pain from the hospital is an example of a nursing activity at the tertiary
level. medications or teaching a client with cardiac disease about the benefits of a low-sodium diet) It occurs after the client has received a secondary intervention
and offers fall into this secondary intervention category. support to the client so that he or she can continue to recover or prevent further deterioration in health.
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