Economie Samenvatting
Inhoud
Hoofdstuk 1: Plaatsbepaling en basisbegrippen.......................................................................................................3
1.1 Externe bedrijfsomgeving...............................................................................................................................3
1.2 Het centrale economische probleem..............................................................................................................3
1.3 Produceren en consumeren............................................................................................................................3
1.4 Economische wetenschappen.........................................................................................................................4
Hoofdstuk 2: Vraag....................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Vraagbepalende factoren................................................................................................................................5
2.2 Behoefte..........................................................................................................................................................5
2.3 prijs..................................................................................................................................................................6
2.4 Prijzen van andere goederen..........................................................................................................................6
2.5 inkomen...........................................................................................................................................................7
Hoofdstuk 3: Aanbod.................................................................................................................................................7
3.3 Productie en kosten........................................................................................................................................7
3.4 Aanbod op lange termijn.................................................................................................................................7
3.5 Opbrengsten en winst.....................................................................................................................................8
Hoofdstuk 13: Betaling balans en valutamarkt.........................................................................................................8
13.2 Valutamarkt...................................................................................................................................................8
Hoofdstuk 4: Markten...............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Marktinstrumenten.........................................................................................................................................9
4.2 Volkomen concurrentie...................................................................................................................................9
4.3 Monopolie.....................................................................................................................................................10
4.4 oligopolie.......................................................................................................................................................11
4.5 monopolistische concurrentie.......................................................................................................................11
Hoofdstuk 5: Overheidsingrepen in markten..........................................................................................................11
5.1 Marktfalen.....................................................................................................................................................11
5.2 Externe effecten............................................................................................................................................12
5.3 De overheid als producent............................................................................................................................12
5.4 Ingrijpen in marktgedrag...............................................................................................................................12
5.5 Overheidsingrijpen in inkomensverdeling....................................................................................................13
5.6 Overheidsfinanciën.......................................................................................................................................13
5.7 Overheidsfalen..............................................................................................................................................15
Hoofdstuk 6: Productie en besteding......................................................................................................................16
6.1 Productie.......................................................................................................................................................16
, 6.2 Toegevoegde waarde, productie en inkomen..............................................................................................17
6.3 Bestedingen...................................................................................................................................................18
Hoofdstuk 12: Geld en internationale economie....................................................................................................19
12.2 Vrijhandel....................................................................................................................................................19
12.3 Protectie......................................................................................................................................................19
12.6 Mondiale economische samenwerking......................................................................................................20
Hoofdstuk 9: Arbeidsmarkt en Macro-economisch overheidsbeleid.....................................................................20
9.1 Doelstellingen van macro-economisch beleid..............................................................................................20
9.2 duurzame economische groei.......................................................................................................................21
9.3 Arbeidsmarkt.................................................................................................................................................21
9.4 Loonvorming op de arbeidsmarkt.................................................................................................................22
9.5 Werkloosheid................................................................................................................................................23
9.6 Arbeidsmarktbeleid en Macro-economisch beleid.......................................................................................23
9.7 Structuurbeleid en Categoriale inkomensverdeling.....................................................................................23
hoofdstuk 8 Groei en conjunctuur..........................................................................................................................24
8.1 Economische groei op lange termijn.............................................................................................................24
8.2 Conjunctuurcyclus.........................................................................................................................................25
8.4 Investeringen en conjunctuurcyclus.............................................................................................................26
8.5 Conjunctuurgevoeligheid van bedrijfstakken...............................................................................................26
bijles (hoofdstuk 8)..................................................................................................................................................26
, HOOFDSTUK 1: PLAATSBEPALING EN BASISBEGRIPPEN
1.1 EXTERNE BEDRIJFSOMGEVING
Soorten omgevingsfactoren:
Macro-omgeving
o Grote invloed op ondernemingsresultaten
o Geen invloed op de onderneming
Directe omgeving
o Partijen op de in- en verkoopmarkten waarmee de onderneming zaken doet
1.2 HET CENTRALE ECONOMISCHE PROBLEEM
Het centrale economische probleem is schaarste
Schaarste Onvoldoende producten in een bepaalde markt
Alternatief aanwendbaar Geld, tijd en productiemiddelen
Gebruiken bij verschillende doeleindes
Alternatieve kosten zijn de opbrengsten van het op-een-na-beste alternatief
Opportunity costs (alternatieve opbrengsten) > De gemiste opbrengsten
Welvaart De mate waarin de schaarste is opgeheven, ofwel de mate waarin in de
behoeften is voorzien door het gebruik van schaarse, alternatief inzetbare
middelen.
Bruto Binnenlands Product (BBP) De waarde van de goederen en diensten die in een land wordt
geproduceerd
Vrije goederen Onbeperkt beschikbaar
1.3 PRODUCEREN EN CONSUMEREN
4 productiefactoren (productiemiddelen):
1. Arbeid De tijd en inspanning van de mensen
2. Kapitaal Alle geproduceerde middelen
3. Natuur Alle natuurlijke hulpbronnen
4. Ondernemerschap De organisatie van het productieproces in ondernemingen
Primair inkomen Het inkomen waar een tegenprestatie tegenover staat
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