summary of the first-course topic named philosophy of science, with definitions, explanations, and real-life examples of each concept. From explaining the difference between ontology and epistemology to the definition of a logical argument.
I. Definition of ontology and epistemology
II. Types of explanations
III.Logical argument
IV.Syllogism and types of arguments
• Ontology --> the study of being & existence
◦ Ontological questions --> study of reality
◦ Social ontology --> what is reality? (⚡ individual ontology)
◦ Seeks to determine what entities can be said to exist
◦ Bitcoin vs euro → do we accept bitcoin as a real currency
▪ we do collectively accept this currency as real → it would
not work if only 1 or 2 people accepted it
◦ Is social reality as real as natural reality
◦ Social reality exists only insofar as we accept it to exist in everyday
reality
▪ Double hermeneutic = whether we accept social reality is
dependent on our understanding of it
• Epistemology --> study of KL
◦ what KL is and how it is obtained? Is functional explanation valid?
◦ Scientific KL: generalizability, controllability, parsimony, objectivity,
recognized method
◦ The epistemological view that KL should be based on empirical evidence
▪ Positive: the world as it is (theory --> world)
▪ Firms with more diverse boards perform better
▪ Normative: the world as it ought to be (world --> theory)
▪ The government should provide basic care to all citizens,
firms should have more diversity
• All things are rooted in how we see the world (ontology) from which we use
epistemology to ask how we should investigate the world → followed by
methodology in determining the best data collection methods
• Causality: the events preceding a phenomenon
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller annemarietrgmn. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $5.78. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
