Summary Tutorial 1 Anxiety Disorders – Specific Phobias
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Course
Angststoornissen, anxiety disorder
Institution
Maastricht University (UM)
Relevant literature processes specific phobia. Topics that are covered include the DSM criteria, physiological reactions, conditioning, Clark & Beck, Davey and treatment (exhibit, response prevention).
What are specific anxiety disorders and how do they develop according to the learning
theory?
PART 1
LEERDOELEN - Phobias
- What are phobias according to DSM-IV? Differences DSM-V.
- What is the difference between fear and anxiety?
- What is an anxiety disorder?
- Are there different types of anxiety disorders/phobias and what are the physiological
reactions?
- Why are so many people scared of spiders and blood and not of guns and knives?
Evolutionary model.
- Epidemiologie phobias; differentiaal diagnose, comorbidity and treatment (basic
information. Bloed apart van andere fobieën).
PART 2
Classical:
CS (bv vliegen. Is inmiddels conditioned omdat de patiënt naar je toekomt met een angst
voor vliegen dus vliegen is niet neutraal meer.) UCS(crash: want iedereen is bang van een
crash)/UCR (fysieke angstreactie; freak out) CR (UCR becomes CR: fysieke angstreactie)
Operant:
Begint met Sd (discriminant stimulus = CS. Bv Vliegen) R (response: not flying) C
(consequences: reinforcers = short term (fear goes down, crash not happening, increase
attention) and punishment = long term (decrease of movement, additional stress, ruzie met je
partner die wel ergens geen wil, zelfvertrouwen omlaag).
Tabel 1
Conditioning = classical learning
Vicarious learning = ziet het bij een ander
Informational learning = iemand anders heeft je erover vertelt
No recall = weet niet waarom je ergens bang voor bent.
LEERDOELEN:
- What are classical and operant conditioned learning?
- What are the limitations of the classical conditioning model?
- What is the model of Davey?
SPECIFIC PHOBIAS ACCORDING TO DSM IV. DIFFERENCES DSM V
A person with a Specific Phobia experiences a marked (duidelijke), persistent (aanhoudend),
and excessive (buitensporig) or unreasonable (onredelijke) fear when in the presence of, or
when anticipating an encounter with a specific object or situation.
The focus of the fear may be anticipated harm from some aspect of the objects or situations
(for example, an individual may fear air travel because of a concern about crashing, may
fear dogs because of concerns about being bitten, or may fear driving because of concerns
about being hit by other vehicles on the road).
Specific Phobias may also involve concerns about losing control, panicking, and fainting that
might occur on exposure to the feared object (for example, an individual who is afraid of
blood and injury may also worry about the possibility of fainting, an individual who is afraid of
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