Samenvatting Beïnvloeden en veranderen van gedrag, Gedragsbeïnvloeding (H1-H9)
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Course
Gedragsbeïnvloeding
Institution
Hanzehogeschool Groningen (Hanze)
Book
Beinvloeden en veranderen van gedrag
Uitgebreide samenvatting van het gehele boek 'Beïnvloeden en veranderen van gedrag' door Carina Wiekens. Hoofdstukken 1 tot en met 9. Gebruikt voor het vak 'Gedragsbeïnvloeding' tijdens de minor Toegepaste Psychologie aan de Hanzehogeschool (2023).
Beïnvloeden en veranderen van gedrag
Samenvatting van gehele boek (H1 t/m H9)
,Inhoudsopgave
H1. Denken in termen van nurture ........................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Mensbeelden.............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.2 Impliciete theorieën: Incremental versus Entity Theories .......................................................................................................... 4
1.3 In hoeverre zijn eigenschappen en gedrag beïnvloedbaar? ...................................................................................................... 4
1.3.1 Lichamelijke kenmerken en prestaties .............................................................................................................................. 4
1.3.2 Persoonlijkheid .................................................................................................................................................................. 4
1.3.3 Cognitieve capaciteiten en prestaties ..................................................................................................................................... 5
H2. Leren ............................................................................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 Een aanpassingsproces aan de omgeving ................................................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Klassieke conditionering ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.3 Operante conditionering ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.4 Sociaal leren ............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.1 Het onbewust kopiëren van gedrag................................................................................................................................... 7
2.4.2 Het bewust kopiëren van gedrag ....................................................................................................................................... 7
2.5 Cognitief leren ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
2.5.1 De cognitieve psychologie ................................................................................................................................................. 8
2.5.2 De invloed van concepten ................................................................................................................................................. 8
2.5.3 Het geheugen ..................................................................................................................................................................... 8
2.5.4 Onbewust leren.................................................................................................................................................................. 9
H3. Behoeften, doelen en de theorie van het geplande gedrag ............................................................................................ 10
3.1 Waarom je doet wat je doet .................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Behoeften ................................................................................................................................................................................. 10
3.3 Doelen ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
3.4 Verschillen tussen behoeften en doelen .................................................................................................................................. 10
3.5 De theorie van het geplande gedrag ....................................................................................................................................... 11
3.5.1 Attituden .......................................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.5.2 Sociale invloed ................................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.5.3 Waargenomen gedragscontrole ...................................................................................................................................... 11
H4. Zelfregulatie: wat is dat? .............................................................................................................................................. 12
4.1 Een definitie van zelfregulatie ................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.2 Zelfregulatie en de hersenen ................................................................................................................................................... 12
4.2.1 De dorsolaterale prefrontale cortex ................................................................................................................................ 12
4.2.2 De ventromediale prefrontale cortex .............................................................................................................................. 12
4.2.3 De cortex cingularis anterior............................................................................................................................................ 12
4.3 De ontwikkeling van zelfregulatie............................................................................................................................................ 12
4.4 Randvoorwaarden ................................................................................................................................................................... 13
H5. Zelfregulatie: het proces ............................................................................................................................................... 14
5.1 Het stellen van concrete doelen............................................................................................................................................... 14
5.2 Het stellen van irrealistische doelen ........................................................................................................................................ 14
5.3 Het opstellen van haalbare planningen ................................................................................................................................... 14
5.4 De uitvoering van de planning ................................................................................................................................................. 15
5.4.1 Wanneer kom je in actie? ................................................................................................................................................ 15
5.4.2 Procesbewaking ............................................................................................................................................................... 15
5.5 Het bijsturen van gedrag ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
5.5.1 Gedrag aanpassen aan de standaard............................................................................................................................... 15
, 5.5.2 De standaard aanpassen aan het gedrag......................................................................................................................... 15
5.5.3 Het verminderen van het zelfbewustzijn ......................................................................................................................... 16
5.6 Zelfregulatie: hoe vergroot je de kans op succes? ................................................................................................................... 16
5.6.1 Het bijhouden van een dagboek ...................................................................................................................................... 16
5.6.2 Visualisatie ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.6.3 Het aangaan van een ‘verbintenis’ .................................................................................................................................. 16
5.6.4 Het selecteren en aanpassen van de omgeving .............................................................................................................. 16
5.6.5 Aandacht en heretiketteren ............................................................................................................................................ 16
5.6.6 Geanticipeerde spijt ......................................................................................................................................................... 16
5.6.7 Het automatiseren van gedrag ........................................................................................................................................ 17
5.6.8 Rust, slaap en meditatie .................................................................................................................................................. 17
5.6.9 Creatief omgaan met moeilijke momenten..................................................................................................................... 17
5.6.10 Het interpreteren van mislukte pogingen ..................................................................................................................... 17
H6. Synthese: zelfregulatie in de praktijk ............................................................................................................................ 18
6.1 Casus 1: Een mooier figuur ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
6.2 Casus 2: Het voorkomen van impulsaankopen ........................................................................................................................ 18
6.3 Casus 3: Procrastinatie ............................................................................................................................................................ 19
H7. De beïnvloeder ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
7.1 Invloedrijke personen ............................................................................................................................................................... 20
7.2 Macht, invloed en de beïnvloeder............................................................................................................................................ 20
7.3 Kenmerken van beïnvloeders ................................................................................................................................................... 21
7.3.1 Sociale invloed: bronkenmerken ..................................................................................................................................... 21
7.3.2 Leiderschap: kenmerken van leiders ............................................................................................................................... 21
7.4 Wanneer welke beïnvloeder of leider? .................................................................................................................................... 22
H8. Het beïnvloeden van gedrag ......................................................................................................................................... 23
8.1 Van populaire naar professionele psychologie ........................................................................................................................ 23
8.2 Het opstellen van een interventie ............................................................................................................................................ 23
8.3 Beïnvloeding: Het trekken van de aandacht ............................................................................................................................ 23
8.4 Beïnvloeding: Het overbrengen van de boodschap ................................................................................................................. 24
H9. Synthese: gedragsbeïnvloeding in de praktijk ................................................................................................................ 26
9.1 Casus 1: Beloningen ................................................................................................................................................................. 26
9.2 Casus 2: Het voorbereiden van een presentatie ...................................................................................................................... 27
6.3 Casus 3: Praktijksituatie van een preventieprogramma .......................................................................................................... 27
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