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Class notes

Class note of Blockchain: Imaginaries, Economics, and Cultures
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  • Course
  • 118221106Y
  • Institution
  • Universiteit Van Amsterdam (UvA)

Class note of Blockchain: Imaginaries, Economics, and Cultures with all lectures note and several important readings note (week 1, week 3, week 4, week 5)

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Document information

  • January 25, 2023
  • 85
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Dr. gavin mueller
  • All classes

Subjects

  • blockchain
  • politics of blockchain
  • economics of blockchain
  • imagineries
  • utopias
  • dystopia
  • blockchain and gender
  • nft
  • cooperations
  • organization

Written for

  • Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA)
  • Humanities
  • 118221106Y
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Lecture 1: the introduction to
blockchain
reading 1:

reading 2:

1. introduction

6 lectures - 2 exams: open book

goals:

basic understanding of blockchain-related phenomena as social and
cultural objects

tools for your own further research and enrichment

critical perspective: NFTs, crypto,… just the subjects

2. agenda for this lecture

what is the context that brought about the blockchain?

how does blockchain works?

what is the relationship of blockchain and bitcoin?



3. content

context of blockchain

blockchain will be the future

the crisis of global financial capitalism

not always exist, just recent (2011/2012)

major economic crisis in 2007: many people had a hard time and
everyone lived with it

Corona pandemic in 2020: everyone have to suffer from


Lecture 1: the introduction to blockchain 1

, why was that and how do people deal with it

the economy works as it is

the conclusion for the financial crisis: banks are said to have
caused the crisis and they must also solve it

people want to get rid of government, so that people can act for
themselves without the other authorities in life

Bitcoin white paper - Satoshi Nakamoto (2009)

blockchain: foundation, system to create bitcoin

it was not first attempt to create an online currency, but bitcoin was
the first to be successful

his project responding to a group of hackers who have an obsession
with privacy

they wanted to have a currency that would allow them to be
anonymous

active only after the publication and the launch of bitcoins: working
with how to deal with bitcoin and its system - genesis block

what is needed in an electronic payment system based on
cryptographic proof instead of trust, allowing any 2 willing parties to
transact directly with each other without the need a trusted third
party

because the bank is manipulate the economy → remove bank =
potential for privacy and not manipulate economy

crypto: remove trust list, able to transact without security and do
not need to know who is the seller/buyers

how to sell things safety?

the crisis of surveillance capitalism

the blockchain could support the activities and resources necessary to
the common

Peer-to-peer technology: Napster

everyone can share the same MP3 together→ common: everyone
can access freely and do not have to pay for it



Lecture 1: the introduction to blockchain 2

, approach: the commons

architectural: sharing, not central server, democratic structure

⇒ open-source software: the commons of code:
fast, peer-to-peer transaction

public access to data, share things without penalty

Youtube: web 2.0

different approach to intellectual properties

architectural: central server, company controlled based on rules,
centralize structure: they able and have the right to change the
rules, and this is kinda unfair

⇒ server-based
⇒ problem: centralization
⇒ BITCOIN: participates in these discourses. It advertises itself as open-source:
the commons of codes.

solutions: decentralization

technology, economics and politics are centralized → less outside
control and say over them

⇒ so they have a lot of power and you can do little about it.
the internet is not centralized.

decentralized protocols for peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing have been
subsequently implemented, to avoid the need for a central points of
failure (or control), which could be legally prosecuted and shut down

can do through centralization architecture

what is blockchain

nature of digital is the copy - if you cannot copy in the cheap, fast and
convenient way, other things is not work as usual

blockchain: distributed immutable public ledger

singular digital object is able to created

digital money’s challenges: copy

making more money from copy


Lecture 1: the introduction to blockchain 3

, prevent people from constantly copy

distributed:

no central server that hold the blockchain

each node have its own ledger

build a decentralized internet network where all of us would access
documents and content without going through server

no server = no center = no one can take it down and control it

immutable

you cannot undo or change it

if you change: it will loose the stable of digitalize object

create an organization to create decentralized organization:
basically contains mentioned philosophy: cannot be traced,
everyone is the shareholders,… but once it is hacked, we cannot
take the money back

public

receipt and transaction: publicly accessed

some unknown, but some known

computers can check it there’s any updates

paradox:

create anonymous transaction

every transaction is being recorded publicly

trustless validation - proof of work

real innovation to create a viable digital currency

how transaction are validated

bad actors in the space: create system when you don’t have to
trust anyone

this is the space for bad actors

want to transfer → propose, broadcast to network → system set
up extremely math problems that need to solve → computer



Lecture 1: the introduction to blockchain 4

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