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Thermodynamica Samenvatting - THERM1
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Thermodynamica Samenvatting. Samenvatting van Concise Chemical Thermodynamics (3324)
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THERM1 SamenvattingLes 1
Energie = het vermogen om arbeid te verrichten.
Thermodynamica
- Verschaft inzicht in energieconversie + nuttig gebruik van energie
- Geeft antwoord op de vraag in welke richting een proces verloopt en niet op de snelheid
ervan.
- Bestudering macroscopische wereld
Systemen
Toestand functies = grootheid die alleen afhangt van de toestand van een systeem
- Veranderingstoestandsgrootheid is niet afhankelijk van de afgelegde weg om van toestand 1
naar 2 te gaan.
- Δ U =U 2−U 1 of Δ T =T 2−T 1
- Arbeid: W =p × ∆ V
- Absolute temperatuurschaal: V T =V 0 × ( 1+α × T )
o α = uitzettingscoëfficiënt
Vormen van energie en conversie
- Elektrische energie
- Chemische energie
- Gravitatie energie
, Les 2
1e hoofdwet van thermodynamica: Δ U =U 2−U 1=Qaan + W op
- Bij chemische reacties is er alleen volumearbeid door gassen.
V2
- W op =−n × R ×T × ln
V1
- Bij een constant volume proces: Δ U =Qv
- Bij constante druk: Δ U =Q p− p × ∆ V
o Q p wordt volgens afspraak Δ H genoemd (H=enthalpie)
Vormingsenthalpie van een stof = de enthalpieverandering als 1 mol van die stof uit de elementen
wordt gevormd.
- Bijv. H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) H2O (l) fH0=-286 kJ/mol
Wet van Hess: ∆ H r =∑ ∆ H f producten −∑ ∆ H f reactanten
0 0 0
-
0
o ∆ H f in appendix III
o Bijv. Fe2O3 (s) + CO (g) 2 FeO (s) + CO2 (g)
∆ H r 0=∆ H f 0 FeO(s ) × 2+ ∆ H f 0CO (g )−∆ H f 0F e O ( s )−∆ H f 0CO ( g )=(−273,0 ×2 ) + (−393,5 ) −(−804,0 )−
2 2 3
-
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