Unit 13 - Sexual health, reproduction and early development stages
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Unit 4
P1- Describe physical, intellectual, emotional and social development for each of the life stages of
an individual
In this written report, I am going to describe physical, intellectual, language, emotional and social
development through the different types of life stages including conception, infancy, childhood,
adolescence, adulthood and older adulthood.
Conception
Human life begins with conception, the process of how the sperm gets inside the egg. Conception
occurs when the sperm cell from the male swims up the vagina into the uterus, joining with the egg.
Then the egg travels down the fallopian tube dividing into multiple cells then after a week, the egg is
fertilized by the sperm. Which is then attached to the lining of the uterus and the baby starts to
grow. I will now talk about what happens during the 10 months of pregnancy and how the foetus
develops.
Within several hours of conception, half the 23 chromosomes from the male and 23 chromosomes
from the female begin to fuse together creating a zygote. The zygote travels down the fallopian tube
to the uterus. If the zygote is successful at making it to the uterus it will then attach itself to the wall
of the uterus. During this time the zygote divides into trillions of cells which then begin to change.
Once the zygote attaches itself to the uterus, it is known as the embryo. Then the embryonic phase
occurs which lasts for six weeks. During the embryonic phase the internal and external organs are
formed, each beginning small then rapidly growing to full size before birth.
In the beginning of the 9th week after conception, the embryo becomes a foetus. The foetus begins
to take on many human characteristics including moving, sleeping, swallowing and breathing. The
foetus begins to develop and grow until it is time for birth. I will now talk about the physical and
intellectual changes that occur in the foetus.
Month 1 the fertilized egg grows with a sack forming around the egg which acts as a cushion. The
placenta then develops starting to transfer nutrients from the mother to the baby and transfer
waste from the baby. Also in month, 1 the face will start to take form with large dark circles for eyes
the mouth, throat, and jaw also starts to slowly develop.
By month 6 your baby should be around 12 inches and weighs 2 pounds. In month 2 each ear begins
as a fold at the side of the head as the fingers and toes also start to form. Progressing to the third
month the babies’ arms, hands, feet, fingers, and toes are fully formed. At the end of the third
month, the baby should be fully formed with organs that will continue to develop in further months.
By month 4 your baby's heartbeat should now be audible through specialist equipment, the nervous
system is also starting to function. The reproductive organs are fully developed and your baby is now
fully visible through an ultrasound. In month 5 you should start to feel your baby move as he or she
is developing muscles and exercising them. The hair then starts to grow and a white coating
substance starts to cover the baby and protect them before birth. By the 6th month, your baby's skin
starts to turn to a reddish color and veins are visible through the skin. Also, the eyelids start to open
however the baby cannot see yet.
,In the final 3 months of growth, the baby will start to develop reserves of body fat. In addition, your
babies hearing should now be fully developed. At a weight of 2-4 pounds and 14 inches long. In
month 8 your baby continues to develop more reserves of body fat and the brain rapidly starts
developing, and your baby can see and hear. During month 9 your babies lungs are nearly fully
developed reflexes occur like blinking, closing eyes, grasping and responding to sounds and light.
Then by month 10, the baby should be born unless premature weighing at a healthy weight of 6-7
pounds and 18-20 inches long.
Conception is a time of intellectual development. Throughout the prenatal development, starting
from the first week the babies’ brain begins to grow and starts organising and connecting brain cells.
Throughout foetal growth the as the brain develops it sends signals to teach your baby about feeling,
hearing, movement, taste, smell and sensitivity to light. In the first trimester, nerve connections are
built that enable your baby to move around in the womb. While in the second trimester, more never
connections are built and the brain tissues are formed. Finally in the third trimester, the cerebral
cortex starts to take over from the brain stem, preparing your foetus for the future.
, Infancy 0-3
As we are born, we start to learn to adapt to the new environment, slowly developing physically,
intellectually, emotionally and socially. I will now talk about the different ways infants start to
develop from birth up to three.
Physical development
Physical development is the process that starts in infancy and progresses to late adolescence
primarily focusing on gross and fine motor skills as well as puberty. Physical development involves
developing control over the body particularly muscles and physical coordination. Babies are born
with five relaxes known as. The rooting reflex, suck reflex, startle reflex, tonic neck reflex, grasp
reflex, and stepping reflex.
In the first three months of a baby’s life, they start to learn how to control their muscles and
movements. The first movements that babies have are shown in reflexes. As motor development
continues, babies will learn to interact with their environment. Within a few months, infants should
be able to turn their heads side to side when laying on their back and move their arms and legs.
Between 3-6 months motor movement continues to progress as babies start to physically develop by
starting to kick their legs when laying on their back and learning to grasp toys. At six months babies
should be able to roll on their back or belly.
Also at 6 months, the average baby can begin to sit without support and begins to stand with
support between 7-8 months. By 9 months an infant should slowly start to begin crawling on their
hands and knees and walking assisted around at around 10 months. Progressing towards their first
birthday being able to stand full at 12 months.
By 12 months of age, the average baby can take their first few steps on their own. Between 13-15
months, their walking skills will progress as they can begin to walk unassisted across a room. At 18
months, your infant will then start to learn to throw a ball and possibly running and begin to climb
stairs with assistance.
Between the ages of 2-3 years, balance starts to improve and the older infant can start to walk with
a smooth pattern. Between these ages, he or she will start to learn how to stand on one foot, walk
backward and walk on tiptoes. The average child can jump at the age of 2 and be capable of jumping
over objects at 3. Between 30-34 months toddlers can begin to walk up the stairs without assistance.
At 35 you will start to see progress in your toddler being capable of running and playing with
playground equipment like swings and slides.
Intellectual development
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