Unit 13 - Sexual health, reproduction and early development stages
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Unit 4
M3- Explain how the effects of life factors and events that occurred earlier in life could impact on
an individual’s ability to deal with ageing
The events we witness in life can change the person we turn out to be. For example, being bullied
throughout school life can have a long-lasting effect on someone’s mental health. A new study finds
that children who were bullied frequently when they were 8 years old were more likely to develop a
psychiatric disorder that needed treatment as an adult. Showing us that bullying can affect an
individual’s ability to deal with ageing affecting mental health during adulthood
How being born with muscular dystrophy impacts an individual’s ability to deal with ageing
Genetic factors can impact life greatly effecting individuals from carrying out even the easiest tasks.
For example, people who develop muscular dystrophy a disease that weakens and breaks down the
bones. Eventually, as the condition progresses individuals will struggle to use their bones making
walking increasingly difficult. Being diagnosed with a condition such as muscular dystrophy can be
life-changing, normally it appears between children aged 2-16 however, it can appear as late as 25.
Being diagnosed with a condition such as muscular dystrophy at 25 can affect you physically,
intellectually, emotionally and socially causing a big impact on your plans and goals.
Different types of muscular dystrophy may have different effects on a person’s quality of life, with
some being more severe than others. However, for the most part, progressive muscle weakness
caused by muscular dystrophy can have a significant impact on a person’s ability to do daily
activities. Mobility may be very limited; a person may have to rely on assistive devices like walkers or
wheelchairs to get around. Muscle weakness in internal organs may lead to other complications that
affect daily life as well. with proper treatment and therapy, a person with muscular dystrophy can
still live a full life.
Growing older comes with a number of benefits including increased wisdom and experience. But
growing older can also cause challenges that can limit the activities you enjoy doing. These
challenges can be particularly difficult in people who have muscular dystrophy, who do not only have
to face effects of ageing but continuously deal with symptoms associated with MD such as muscle
weakness pain, and fatigue. Physical changes during ageing associated with MD can include arm and
leg weakness, difficulty swallowing, bad heart function and difficulty breathing. The life expectancy
of individuals living with Duchene muscular dystrophy is between 20-30 due to heart failure being
the main cause of death as muscular dystrophy causes an anomaly in the heart.
As individuals with muscular dystrophy get older their disease progresses and their emotional
response to the disease will likely change over time. It’s normal for suffers from MD to experience
emotions of frustration, anger, self-pity and anxiety regarding their condition. Suffers of MD have a
decreased life expectancy therefore, this can affect children emotionally making them worry about
growing up because they will live a much shorter life effecting their mental health causing stress, low
self-esteem and depression of the fear of not making it past 30. A study looked at how MD affects
children’s emotional development, the study consisted of 30 male and 30 female candidates. They
studied 60 individuals for 5 years to track how they felt emotionally. The study found out that 23 of
the boys admitted to feelings of sadness and frustration and 14 girls admitting feelings of sadness.
This shows us that MD can have an emotional impact on children as the condition progresses
becoming more difficult.
, How Longevity affects an individual’s ability to deal with ageing
Human life expectancy has been increasing at a rapid rate. Better health care, hygiene, healthier
lifestyles, sufficient food and improved medical care and reduced child mortality rate mean that we
can now expect to live a much longer life than our ancestors just a few generations ago. Life
expectancy at birth in the UK was about 69 years old in 1960. However, from 2010 the life
expectancy has increased by 2.2% per decade. If this remains unchanged some people born in the
UK will be expected to live up until they are 100.
However, this drastic increase in life expectancy does not have a positive effect on everyone.
Increased life expectancy has increased the risk of disease, disability, dementia and advanced ageing
before death. For example, 30% of the population over 60 in the UK become demented before they
die. Therefore, with the life expectancy increasing yearly this figure is likely to increase.
Death patterns occur in most families for example, some families have an average death of age 80
whilst some have an average age of 70. This could be because of an inherited disease that runs in the
family such as muscular dystrophy, sickle cell disease or cystic fibrosis. An individual who comes
from a family who has an average death age of 70 could deal with the fact they are getting old
differently compared to someone who has the potential to live up to 90. As this individual gets closer
to 70 they may begin to become afraid knowing that they could die soon and shut themselves away
from others or they could live their life to the fullest doing everything they possibly can to live as
long as possible.
How lifechanging injuries affect an individual’s ability to deal with ageing
Each year in the United Kingdom approximately 200,000 people are diagnosed with a traumatic
brain injury an estimated 75% of these injuries are classified as mild traumatic brain injuries. The
symptoms of such injuries include a variety of cognitive, somatic and behavioural deficits. The effects
concussion causes can be short-term lasting only a few or a couple of days or cause long- term
problems.
A concussion occurs as the result of a traumatic blow to the head that causes the head and brain to
move rapidly back and forth. The sudden movement causes the brain to bounce and twist inside the
skull, stretching and damaging the cells and structures inside the brain. This damage can cause
physical and chemical changes in your brain to affect how it functions.
Studies suggest that even mild childhood head injuries can increase the risk of low education
attainment, psychiatric hospitalisation and early death. Relevant research also shows a correlation
between concussion and Alzheimer’s disease, an irreversible progressive brain disorder that slowly
destroys memory and thinking skills. As Alzheimer’s diseases progresses it can impact an individual’s
ability to deal with ageing.
Alzheimer’s disease may cause people to feel insecure and lose confidence in themselves and their
abilities. They may feel they are no longer in control and may not trust their judgement, they may
also experience the effects of stigma and social demotion not being treated the same way by people
as a result of their diagnosis. All of this can harm a person’s self-esteem.
Alzheimer’s may also affect someone’s self-esteem by affecting other areas of a person’s life. Such as
health issues, finical circumstances, employment status and relationships with those around them
may suffer. However, some people form new relationships as a result of their diagnosis, through
activities such as attending a class or support group. Which will improve their self-esteem and
outlook on life making the ageing process easier to deal with.
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