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Hoorcollege 1
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Wat is criminologie?Een criminoloog is geïnteresseerd in mens en maatschappij. Hij of zij kijkt met een brede blik naar de
samenleving.
Letterlijke betekenis: leer van de criminaliteit
Wat is criminaliteit? Sociale constructie, wat door de mens gecreëerd is, op basis van bepaalde
afspraken. Bepaalde gedragingen worden geclassificeerd als crimineel en sommige niet. Combinatie
van wat er strafbaar is gesteld door de wetgever en de manier waarop de overheid en de
maatschappij hierop reageren. Gaat ook over aanpakken en interventies.
Definities:
“Zij kan daarom worden beschouwd als het onmisbare koele oog van de strafrechtspleging.
De criminologie beoogt tevens een bijdrage te leveren aan een op objectieve kennis
gebaseerde publieke discussie over misdaad en straf.”
“Criminology has many meanings but at its widest and most commonly accepted it is taken
to be the study of crime, criminals and criminal justice.”
“De criminologie is de wetenschap die zich bezighoudt met de bestudering van de aard en
achtergronden van menselijke gedragingen die door de wetgever strafbaar zijn gesteld en
van de wijze waarop de overheid en de overige maatschappij daarop reageert.”
“Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. It includes
within its scope the processes of making laws, of breaking laws, and of reacting towards the
breaking of laws. The objective of criminology is the development of a body of general and
verified principles and of other types of knowledge regarding this process of law.”
“I take criminology to be the specific genre of discourse and inquiry about crime – a genre
that has developed in the modern period and that can be distinguished from other ways of
talking and thinking about criminal conduct. Thus, for example, criminology’s claim to be an
empirically grounded, scientific undertaking sets it apart from moral and legal discourses,
while its focus upon crime differentiates it from other social scientific genres, such as the
sociology of deviance and control, whose objects of study are broader and not defined by
criminal law. Since the middle years of the twentieth century, criminology has also been
increasingly marked off from other discourses by the trappings of a distinctive identity, with
its own journals, professional associations.”
Overeenkomsten in definities: aandacht voor daders, criminaliteit en de (maatschappelijke) reactie
op de criminaliteit.
Wat er nog mist: slachtoffers.
Criminologie is een multidisciplinaire empirische objectwetenschap> is ontstaan door na te denken
over misdaad en straf. De geboorte van de “scientific approach” – het positivisme: “the foundation of
our knowledge of the world (our epistemology) is data derived from observation. The basis of
scientific knowledge is facts collected dispassionately by the scientist”. Kort door de bocht: meten is
weten. Wortels van wat criminologie tot empirische wetenschap maakt.
Multidisciplinair: combineren van theoretische en methodologische perspectieven uit verschillende
wetenschappelijke disciplines. Bijvoorbeeld rechtsgeleerdheid, economie, antropologie, sociologie,
psychologie, filosofie, statistiek, geneeskunde, biologie, bestuurskunde, politicologie, beeldende
kunst/kunstgeschiedenis, pedagogiek, theologie, geschiedenis, communicatiewetenschap, film-
theater- en muziekwetenschappen.
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