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samenvatting nutrition 1.1 deelvak: fysiologie
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Samenvatting nutrition –fysiolofie
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Week 2: introductie...............................................................................................................................3
Anatomie en fysiologie......................................................................................................................3
Opbouw lichaam................................................................................................................................3
Wat hebben cellen nodig?.................................................................................................................3
Enkele basisprincipes.........................................................................................................................3
Week 3...................................................................................................................................................4
Lesdoelen...........................................................................................................................................4
Vertering............................................................................................................................................4
Anatomie, het grote plaatje...............................................................................................................5
Peristaltiek en segmentatie...............................................................................................................5
Mondholte (oral cavity).....................................................................................................................6
Oesofagus (slokdarm)........................................................................................................................6
De maag (gaster)................................................................................................................................6
De maag bestaat uit.......................................................................................................................7
De maagwand................................................................................................................................7
De dunne darm (intestinum tenue)...................................................................................................7
Twaalfvingerige darm (duodenum)................................................................................................8
Dikke darm.........................................................................................................................................8
Samengevat: GI-tract organen en hun functies.................................................................................9
Andere betrokken organen................................................................................................................9
Spijsverteringsklieren.......................................................................................................................10
De lever en galblaas.....................................................................................................................10
Klieren (Zie kennisclip “klieren”)......................................................................................................10
Algemene indeling klieren...........................................................................................................10
Exocrien.......................................................................................................................................10
Endocrien.....................................................................................................................................10
Anatomie klieren.............................................................................................................................11
Versimpelde weergave exocriene klier........................................................................................11
Twee vormen klieren te onderscheiden......................................................................................11
Week 4.................................................................................................................................................12
, Lesdoelen.........................................................................................................................................12
Nutriënten.......................................................................................................................................12
Koolhydraten...................................................................................................................................13
Vetten en lipiden.............................................................................................................................13
Eiwitten of proteïnen.......................................................................................................................13
Vertering door enzymen..................................................................................................................14
Soorten reacties...........................................................................................................................14
Hydrolyse.....................................................................................................................................14
Verteringssappen.............................................................................................................................15
Regulatie verteringssappen.........................................................................................................15
Regulatie vertering......................................................................................................................15
Regulatie verteringshormonen....................................................................................................15
Week 5.................................................................................................................................................17
Lesdoelen.........................................................................................................................................17
De fosfolipide...................................................................................................................................17
Verschillende soorten absorptie......................................................................................................17
Passieve diffusie...........................................................................................................................18
Gefaciliteerde diffusie..................................................................................................................18
Actief transport............................................................................................................................19
Secundair actief transport...........................................................................................................19
Osmose, diffusie van water..............................................................................................................21
Natrium-kaliumpomp......................................................................................................................21
Absorptie van nutriënten.................................................................................................................22
Aanvullend materiaal.......................................................................................................................22
Week 6.................................................................................................................................................23
Lesdoelen.........................................................................................................................................23
Stappen in de vertering van koolhydraten.......................................................................................23
hydrolyse en condensatie................................................................................................................23
Verteringsproducten........................................................................................................................24
Functie van koolhydraten, uitgebreider...........................................................................................24
Vezels...............................................................................................................................................25
Regulatie bloedsuikerspiegel...........................................................................................................25
Glucose/glucogon/glycogeen.......................................................................................................26
, Week 2: introductie
Anatomie en fysiologie
Anatomie = hoe is het lichaam opgebouwd?
Fysiologie = hoe werkt het? Wat is de functie?
Opbouw lichaam
- Cel (allerkleinste eenheid)
o Basisbouwsteen en stofwisselingseenheid
Compleet ‘’klein fabriekje’’
Zelfregulatie
o Vorm afhankelijk van functie
o Ongeveer 60.000.000.000.000.000 cellen in het menselijk lichaam
- Weefsel
o Verzameling cellen met dezelfde bouw en functie
o Inclusief tussencelstof (matrix)
- Orgaan
o Geheel van weefsels met één of meerdere functies
- Orgaanstelsel
o Combinatie van organen die samenwerken
- Organisme
o Een op zichzelf functionerend geheel
Wat hebben cellen nodig?
1. Brandstof
- Koolhydraten
- Vetten
- Eiwitten
2. Bouwstof
- Eiwitten
- Vetten
- Water
- Vitaminen en mineralen
3. Zuurstof
Enkele basisprincipes
- Water is belangrijk!
o We bestaan voor 60% uit water
o Cellen hebben waterige omgeving nodig
- Homeostase is essentieel
o Elk organisme streeft ernaar de samenstelling van het interne milieu constant te
houden
- 2 regulatiesystemen:
1. Zenuwstelsel
2. Hormonale stelsel
Nog eens terug naar de basis? Kijk dit filmpje over een “Introductiontoanatomy& physiology”:
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