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samenvatting nutrition 1.2 deelvak: fysiologie
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samenvatting nutrition 1.2
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Nutrition 1.2 – Fysiologie – SamenvattingInhoud
Week 1 .................................................................................................................................................... 4
Lesdoelen ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Lipiden ................................................................................................................................................. 4
Vetvertering ........................................................................................................................................ 4
De vertering in stappen ...................................................................................................................... 5
Gal ................................................................................................................................................... 5
Absorptie ......................................................................................................................................... 6
In de enterocyt ................................................................................................................................ 6
Enterohepatische circulatie ................................................................................................................ 8
Functies vetten in het lichaam ............................................................................................................ 9
Vetweefsel .......................................................................................................................................... 9
Wit- vs bruin vet.................................................................................................................................. 9
Ghreline vs leptine ............................................................................................................................ 10
week 2 ................................................................................................................................................... 11
lesdoelen ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Samenstelling .................................................................................................................................... 11
Lipoproteïne ...................................................................................................................................... 11
Classificatie lipoproteïnen................................................................................................................. 12
Chylomicronen .............................................................................................................................. 13
VLDL .................................................................................................................................................. 13
LDL..................................................................................................................................................... 13
HDL .................................................................................................................................................... 13
Synthese ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Chylomicronen: exogene route ........................................................................................................ 14
Transport........................................................................................................................................... 15
Exogene route ................................................................................................................................... 15
De endogene route ........................................................................................................................... 16
Exogene route vs endogene route .................................................................................................... 16
Triglyceriden in 4 generaties ............................................................................................................. 17
“Goed” en “slecht” cholesterol......................................................................................................... 18
Normaalwaarden en voorbeeldwaarden cholesterol ....................................................................... 18
Week 3 .................................................................................................................................................. 19
, Leerdoelen ........................................................................................................................................ 19
Vertering van eiwitten ...................................................................................................................... 19
Vertering van eiwitten ...................................................................................................................... 19
Activatie pro-enzymen ...................................................................................................................... 20
Absorptie........................................................................................................................................... 20
Positieve terugkoppeling in de maag................................................................................................ 21
Functies eiwitten: visueel ................................................................................................................. 21
Beweging ....................................................................................................................................... 21
Enzymfunctie..................................................................................................................................... 23
Hormoonfunctie ............................................................................................................................ 23
Antistoffen .................................................................................................................................... 23
Vocht regulatie .............................................................................................................................. 24
pH .................................................................................................................................................. 25
Transport....................................................................................................................................... 25
Week 4 .................................................................................................................................................. 26
Functies eiwitten en proteïnen ......................................................................................................... 26
Eiwitbalans ........................................................................................................................................ 26
De aminozuurpool............................................................................................................................. 26
Eiwit turnover ................................................................................................................................... 27
Eiwit uitscheiding .............................................................................................................................. 27
DNA ................................................................................................................................................... 27
Opbouw......................................................................................................................................... 28
Waar zit DNA ................................................................................................................................. 28
Genen ................................................................................................................................................ 28
RNA ................................................................................................................................................... 28
Voorbeeld codons ............................................................................................................................. 28
Eiwitsynthese .................................................................................................................................... 28
Transcriptie ................................................................................................................................... 28
Translatie....................................................................................................................................... 29
Samengevat....................................................................................................................................... 29
Week 5 .................................................................................................................................................. 30
Leerdoelen ........................................................................................................................................ 30
Extractie van energie uit voedsel ...................................................................................................... 30
Transfereren van energie middels elektronen ................................................................................. 30
Glycolyse ........................................................................................................................................... 31
Van pyruvaat tot acetyl CoA ............................................................................................................. 31
, Citroenzuurcyclus.............................................................................................................................. 32
Elektronen transportketen ............................................................................................................... 33
Na de glycolyse en citroenzuurcyclus zijn gevormd… ....................................................................... 34
Geïllustreerd ................................................................................................................................. 34
Energie vorming bij glucose .............................................................................................................. 35
Voorbeeld: Pad bij afbraak 1 Stearinezuur ................................................................................... 36
Energie vorming bij eiwit .................................................................................................................. 36
Week 6 .................................................................................................................................................. 37
Leerdoel ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Overzicht metabolische paden: energieopslag en -vorming ............................................................ 37
Glucose.......................................................................................................................................... 37
Triglyceriden ................................................................................................................................. 38
Proteïne......................................................................................................................................... 38
Andere stoffen die invloed hebben op het metabole systeem .................................................... 38
Biosynthese ................................................................................................................................... 39
Vorming glucose ............................................................................................................................... 39
Opslag glucose .................................................................................................................................. 39
Vorming vet(zuren) ........................................................................................................................... 39
Vorming ketonlichamen.................................................................................................................... 39
Vormen aminozuren ......................................................................................................................... 40
Te weinig eiwit .................................................................................................................................. 40
Te veel eiwit ...................................................................................................................................... 40
Bij langer vasten ................................................................................................................................ 41
, Week 1
Lesdoelen
- Je benoemt de functies van de verschillende macronutriënten in het lichaam, zowel op
lichaamsniveau als op celniveau.
- Je geeft voor de verschillende macronutriënten aan hoe het proces van vertering, absorptie
en transport verloopt.
- Je legt uit hoe het lichaam energie uit de verschillende macronutriënten kan halen.
Lipiden
- Soorten
o Vetten (triglyceriden)
▪ Glycerol en vetzuren
o Vetachtige stoffen (fosfolipiden en sterolen)
- Functie
o Brandstof
o Regulatie
o Structuur
Vetvertering
Doel vetvertering
Triglyceriden → monoglyceriden, vetzuren en glycerol
Uitdaging want:
- Vetten zijn hydrofoob
- Verteringsenzymen zijn hydrofiel
Oplossing:
Vetten goed mixen met verteringssappen
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