Other
Test bank for Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach 11 E
- Course
- Institution
Test bank for Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach 11 E ISBN-10: 8 ISBN-13: 978-1
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
161700v
Content preview
Test Bankto accompany
Animal Behavior, Eleventh Edition
John Alcock, Linda Green, Paul Nolan, and Dustin Rubenstein
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Animal Behavior
Multiple Choice
1. “If female lizards with reddish throats produce more eggs than females with orangish
throats, then the reddish throat is an evolved adaptation.” This statement
a. is true, because this species has variation, a critical requirement for the evolution of
adaptations by natural selection.
b. is false, because females with orangish throats could still have more offspring that
live to reproduce than females with reddish throats.
c. is false, because there is no guarantee that females with reddish throats are the best
for the long-term preservation of this species.
d. could be true or false, because we cannot tell without knowing whether reddish
females outnumber orangish females in this species.
Answer: b
2. The statement “Lemmings disperse from areas of high population density because they
inherited this ability from a lemming-like ancestor in the past” is a hypothesis about
a. evolved function.
b. evolutionary history.
c. genetics and development.
d. adaptive value.
Answer: b
3. The theory of plate tectonics (which explains the current and past positions of the
continents in terms of the movements of huge geologic plates on Earth’s surface) is called
a theory because it
a. has been shown via repeated tests to be true.
b. is an explanation that is potentially falsifiable.
c. is an explanation that can be applied widely, to every continent, past and present.
d. is an explanation that needs to be tested.
Answer: c
4. In order for Darwinian natural selection to cause evolutionary change, a population
must contain individuals that differ hereditarily in some characteristic because
a. in a population without this kind of variation, the species is doomed to extinction.
b. when all individuals have the same genes, then all individuals are exactly alike in all
respects.
c. uniform populations are evolutionary dead ends.
1
,d. unless there is variation of this sort, parents cannot pass on their advantageous
attributes to their offspring.
Answer: d
5. We observe variation in a population of lizard with respect to how fast individuals can
run. We attempt to select for the ability to run slowly, not quickly. After six generations
of selective breeding of only the slowest with the slowest, the mean running speed of the
lizards has not changed. What is the appropriate scientific conclusion based on this work?
a. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the
population has remained unchanged.
b. After six generations of artificial selection, the frequency of slow runners in the
population has increased.
c. The differences between the lizards in running speed in the original population were
not caused by genetic differences among them.
d. The results are invalid because the researchers failed to maintain enough variation in
running speed in their selected lineage, so evolutionary change was impossible.
Answer: c
6. We observe a frog that carries its babies on its back away from where the eggs
hatched. Below are two questions about this observation:
X. Does the frog do this to move the babies to a place where they will be safer?
Y. Why does the frog expend time and energy moving its offspring from the place where
they were “born”?
Which of the two is a true causal question?
a. X, because this is the more specific of the two questions
b. X, because we can test this idea but not the idea presented in Y
c. Y, because this statement tells what we should expect to find in nature
d. Y, because it is not a hypothesis itself but could be answered by a hypothesis
Answer: d
7. It makes sense to separate the results of an experiment from the scientific conclusion of
a research project because
a. the data were collected not as an end in and of themselves but to help evaluate a
hypothesis.
b. the scientific conclusion should refer to what ought to have been collected in the way
of data, not the actual data themselves.
c. the dictionary defines scientific conclusion as “a proven result,” and the results of an
experiment are rarely completely certain.
d. it is good to keep all the experimental items, the design of the experiment, the
methods used, the expected results, and the actual collected data in one single
category.
Answer: a
8. Which is an example of a Darwinian puzzle?
a. Salmon can smell a few molecules of chemicals in the stream in which they were
born.
2
,b. Adult birds scream in pain when caught by a predator.
c. If two or even three eggs are added to a bird’s nest, the adult birds often can rear them
successfully along with their own chicks.
d. Bats can catch moths in complete darkness thanks to their ability to hear echoes from
their own cries.
Answer: c
Questions 9–12.
Consider the following observation: Male song sparrows sing more at dawn than during
any other time the day.
9. Males sing to provide accurate information to mates about their physical condition.
This is an example of
a. a causal question.
b. a prediction.
c. test evidence.
d. a scientific conclusion.
Answer: d
10. Males that receive a “care package” of extra food the day before should produce more
songs during the dawn hour than those that do not receive supplemental food. This is an
example of
a. a causal question.
b. a prediction.
c. test evidence.
d. a scientific conclusion.
Answer: b
11. What is the evolved function of the pattern of song production by the song sparrow?
This is an example of
a. a causal question.
b. a prediction.
c. test evidence.
d. a scientific conclusion.
Answer: a
12. If an adaptation is the product of natural selection, the trait will
a. provide a net reproductive gain for individuals that possess the attribute.
b. raise the reproductive success of individuals more than any other alternative that has
appeared in the species over evolutionary time.
c. enhance the survival of the fittest individuals in the species.
d. help preserve the species as a whole against the risk of extinction.
Answer: b
13. Contest resolution that is mediated by harmless, non-contact threat displays is a
Darwinian puzzle because
3
, a. the winners of these interactions have nevertheless expended time and energy
asserting control of certain resources that they could use if they win.
b. the winners of these interactions would benefit from injuring or killing those
competitors that would again return to challenge them for key resources.
c. the losers of these interactions concede defeat without actual fighting and thereby
may prematurely give up resources that would raise their fitness.
d. the losers’ refusal to fight strips the species of the means by which it could remove
excess individuals from the population.
Answer: c
14. Deceptive signaling is widespread in nature. For example, certain orchids luring
pollinator wasps to them with flower petals that smell like receptive female wasps. This
case is a Darwinian puzzle because
a. the proportion of orchid flowers that set fruit as result of successful pollination is low.
b. natural selection ought to favor discriminating behavior on the part of male wasps so
that they do not waste time, energy, and even sperm on orchid flowers.
c. time and energy spent on orchids reduces the capacity of the wasp population to
grow, since the deceptive plants slow the ability of male wasps to fertilize all the eggs
of their females.
d. it is unknown why orchid flowers evolved to smell like the females of certain wasps.
Answer: b
15. In what way does the theory of descent with modification differ from the theory of
evolution by natural selection?
a. Organisms can evolve even if natural selection is not responsible for the changes that
occur.
b. Descent with modification applies only to large animals and plants and not to smaller
organisms, like bacteria and protozoans.
c. The theory of descent with modification is designed to explain why organisms have
evolved adaptations, whereas natural selection explains why organisms can persist
unchanged over long periods of evolutionary time.
d. Descent with modification provides an account of the evolutionary events that took
place as a modern species evolved from ancestral ones; natural selection theory
provides a means for why some changes spread through a species while others did
not.
Answer: d
16. Although some male crab spiders find and mate with adult female crab spiders, others
that find immature females remain with them even though the subadult females are
incapable of mating until they become adults. This behavior is a Darwinian puzzle
because
a. the genetic basis for this behavior is difficult to establish with clarity.
b. mating is instinctive in spiders and therefore all males should behave the same way;
either mating with adult females exclusively or guarding subadult females
exclusively.
4
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller 161700v. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $60.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
76449 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now