100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary Research Workshop: Experiment (Communication Science UvA) $10.01   Add to cart

Summary

Summary Research Workshop: Experiment (Communication Science UvA)

 13 views  2 purchases
  • Course
  • Institution
  • Book

Combination of all required chapters (1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.16) as well as all web/micro lectures.

Preview 4 out of 44  pages

  • No
  • Hoofdstuk 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,16
  • January 30, 2023
  • 44
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary
avatar-seller
Exam Notes
Week 1
Literature: CH1, CH6, CH7
Chapter 1 methods of research + 10 steps of the research process
Methods of acquiring knowledge

Method of tenacity = holding on to ideas and beliefs simply because they have
been accepted as facts for a long time or because of superstition

Method on intuition = information is accepted as true because it feels right, it is
accepted on the basis of a hunch or gut feeling.

Method of authority = a person finds answers by seeking out an authority on the
subject. A person relies on information or answers from an expert in the subject
area.

Method of faith = a variant of the method authority in which people have
unquestioning trust in the authority figure, and, therefore, accept information form
the authority without doubt or challenge.

Rationalism = seeks answers by using logical reasoning, premise statements (like
arguments) describe facts or assumptions that are presumed to be true

Empiricism = uses observation or direct sensory experience to obtain knowledge



Inductive reasoning = using a relatively small set of specific observations as the basis
for forming a general statement about a larger set of possible observations (increase)


Deductive reasoning = uses a general statement as the basis for reaching a
conclusion about specific examples (decrease)


Scientific method = a method of acquiring knowledge that uses observations to
develop a hypothesis, then uses the hypothesis to make logical predictions that can be




Exam Notes 1

, empirically tested by making additional, systematic observations. Typically, the new
observations lead to a new hypothesis, and the cycle continues.


Steps in the research process

1. Find a research idea: select a topic and search the literature to find an
unanswered question

a. Selecting a general topic

b. Reviewing literature in that area to identify relevant variables and find an
unanswered question

2. Form a hypothesis

3. Determine how you will define and measure your variables

4. Identify participants or subjects: decide how they will be selected, and plan for
their ethical treatment

5. Select a research strategy: depends on either the type of RQ or on ethics and
other constraints

6. Select a research design: making decisions about the specific methods and
procedures you will use to conduct the research study.

7. Conduct the study

8. Evaluate the data: making graphics, computing means, describing correlations,
using inferential statistics to help determine generalizability

9. Report results: done for replicability and to become part of general knowledge
other researchers can build upon

10. Refine or reformulate the research idea: if support is found for the hypothesis, it
is possible to extend your original question into new domains or to make the RQ
more precise.

a. Test the boundaries of the result: do the findings apply to other populations?

b. Refine the original RQ: a relationship exists, but now asking why this
relationship exists




Exam Notes 2

, Chapter 6 varies forms of experimental research, external validity + internal validity
Descriptive research strategy = intended to answer questions about the current state
of individual variables for a specific group of individuals. Not concerned with with the
relationships between variables but with the description of individual variables. Goal is
to obtain a snapshot of specific characteristics for a specific group of individuals.
→ On average, how many hours do UvA students sleep


Correlational research strategy = observe two variables as they exist naturally for a
set of individual; measuring two variables for each individual. A relationship between
variables means that changes in one variable are consistently and predictably
accompanies by changes in another variable.
→ Sleep pattern and GPA


The experimental research strategy = intends to answer cause-and-effect questions
about the relationship between two variables. Purpose is to explain the relationship by
determining the underlying cause. Conducted with rigorous control to help ensure an
unambiguous demonstration of a cause-and-effect relationship.



Quasi-experimental research strategy = attempts to answer cause-and-effect
questions about the relationship between two variables but can never produce an
unambiguous explanation. Uses some of the rigor and control that exist in experiments;
but always contain a flaw that prevents the research from obtaining an absolute cause-
and-effect answer.


Non-experimental research strategy = intended to demonstrate a relationship
between variables, but is does not attempt to explain the relationship. Does not try to
produce cause-and-effect explanations. Do not use the rigor and control that exist in
experiments and in quasi-experimental studies, and do not produce cause-and-effect
explanations.



Table 6.3: Five research strategies organized by the data structures they use



Exam Notes 3

, Validity = the quality or state of being true; in a research study, the validity is concerned
with the truth of the research or the accuracy of the conclusions.



External validity = the extent to which we can generalize the results of a research
study to people, settings, times, measures, and characteristics other than those used in
that study.
→ Threat: any characteristic of a study that limits the ability to generalize the results
from a research study




Exam Notes 4

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller annebelsinnige. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $10.01. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$10.01  2x  sold
  • (0)
  Add to cart